When will employers require cognitive augmentation of their workers Essay

When will employers require cognitive augmentation of their workers - Essay Example A driver of cognitive augmentation on the social side is the growing acceptance of technological augmentation of human capabilities, already present in 2015, and certainly will continue to accelerate and become commonplace by 2040. This will be to the extent of people becoming used to cognitive augmentation as a way of life. Current forays into device augmentation of reality, such as Google Glass, are testaments to this. The certainty and the level of impact are high, given the current high rate of social adoption of such new cognitive augmentation devices, with the smart phones arguably an early form of a cognitive augmentation device already prevalent worldwide (Pang, 2014). The on-going shift in the major economies, such as the American economy, towards more substantial industries that require high levels of scientific expertise, such as biotech, will certainly propel industries to require cognitive augmentation for workers. The certainty and level of impact is high, judging from the permanent nature of the shift and the need for more highly intelligent workers by 2040 (Egan, 2015). Climate change will be a driver of change towards cognitive computing in the workplace by 2040. The problems relating to climate change are persistent and long-range, requiring the development of new answers, new ways of living, and new ways of adapting. This means that workers will be required to make use of augmented cognition technologies to aid in this large task. The level of certainty and the level of impact are both high, judging from the high impact nature of the problem of climate change, and the urgency of the tasks relating to solving the problem (Gilpin, 2014). Reed, B. (2015). Bill Gates is the latest brilliant person to warn artificial intelligence could kill us all. Yahoo! News. Retrieved from

Compare the two soliloquies of Act 2 scene 2 Essay Example for Free

Compare the two soliloquies of Act 2 scene 2 Essay In these two substantial speeches, the character of Hamlet Junior is revealed, and portrays a lot about the made-believe characters state of mind. Shakespeare, who has shown Hamlet to be aberrant, in a sense that he makes absurd remarks which no other character seems to understand, but in actual fact has a lot of meaning in them. At the beginning of the first soliloquy, Hamlets self hatred is exposed and Shakespeare emphasiss his isolation. He starts by saying, Now I am alone which is a cleaver use of language by Shakespeare, because it is a sort of pun. One meaning being that he is saying it literally and telling the audience he is talking to them, or he could in fact be referring to his close friends and family, trying to say that he is alone in society and doesnt have nobody he can rely on, or trust. This is because the only people in his life he thought he could trust have let him down. Gertrude, Ophelia and most importantly Claudius sit on top of his list. Hamlets self-hatred is shown when he says, o what a slave am I! He feels like he has betrayed his father for not believing him. Shakespeare shows the audience that he has low self-esteem for not taking his much promised revenge to the spirit of Hamlet Senior. This is because he asks the players to act out the death of his beloved father, and wait to see the reaction of Claudius. For this reason he starts to question his devotion to his father and goes on to say, Am I a coward? At this point he has no self-belief and has very negative thoughts of himself. This is merely due to him not taking action against Claudius. All this self-hatred and negative thoughts makes the character of Hamlet seem melancholy. Shakespeare shows Hamlets anger towards himself, just simply as his anger for the king switched onto himself. Hamlet goes on to say, who calls me villain plucks off my beard I should take it (lines 567-572). This is basically the character saying that, he should accept all the insults thrown at him, because he deserves it for being a coward. This makes the audience feel sorrow towards him and pity him. Shakespeare here has made Hamlet in the space of a few lines switch from sorrow to anger towards himself, because afterwards he goes on to say but I am pigeon-liverd, which is a person who is scared, this shows how much anger he has towards himself. He then goes onto taking the anger towards himself and turning it on his uncle. He refers to Claudius as remorseless treacherous lecherous kindless villain. Here Shakespeare releases Hamlets fury and rage by using curse words towards Claudius. This also shows that Gertrude and Claudius marriage frustrates him, and is a way for him to get it all off his chest. Before he unleashes his fury, his mind is suffocating as he has too much to keep to himself. Because as he releases all of his fury instantly he comes up with a plan and he starts to think straight. Shakespeare makes Hamlet end his soliloquy with two excellent lines as they rounds up the whole soliloquy; the plays the thing, wherein Ill catch the conscience of the King. This explains his idea because if the Kings guilt shows hell have more proof, and is also a positive sign as he starts to get a more stable state of mind. Also the last two lines are rhyming couplets and this is a technique used a lot by Shakespeare, as it is a sort of cue point for the actors and is used on long speeches. The second soliloquy Hamlet starts to question his existence. He again has a negative insight of himself, to be, or not to be. This is Shakespeare making Hamlet question his existence. It relates to the theme of seeming and being. Where Hamlet is asking himself if there is any point of him existing. This seems to be the case when Claudius and Polonius are spying on him. But when scrutinized it could be that Hamlet knows of the spying and is saying this just to confuse Claudius and Polonius more. This is very cleaver because although it seems like he is mad he is in actual fact not. This shows a lot about his state of mind because if he was still in denial and not thinking straight he would not be able to cleverly confuse Claudius and Polonius. Hamlet carries on talking about the theme of death and although he has got a lot of his problems off his chest he still is not totally focused and still has problems. He talks of taking arms against a sea of troubles which is an excellent metaphor used by Shakespeare as it gives the audience a picture in their minds. This basically means that problems are never ending and will go on forever. Hamlet is questioning weather one should take on all their troubles or just give up and die. Although Hamlets state of mind seems to be unstable it is actual fact at its best as he manages to make Claudius believe he is mad by talking of if he should die or not. Shakespeare makes Hamlet talk of this to deceive Claudius and although it seems like this is the only reason, it also refers to his life. Hamlet says, what dreams may come which means that if people knew what the afterlife was like would they suffer the whips and scorns of time. This is an excellent metaphor as it describes life by referring to time as being able to whip and having scorns. This builds up a strong image in the audiences head of a bad perception of life. This shows Hamlets intelligence and strong state of mind as he manages to express his feelings as well as making Claudius think he is mad. In conclusion Hamlet in the first soliloquy was emotionally unstable. Shakespeare has portrayed him like this to make the audience feel sorrow towards him. But towards the end of the speech he gets an idea after expressing his feelings aloud clearing his head, which allowed him to think straight. In the second soliloquy Hamlets state of mind is still a bit unstable because although he has expressed his feelings he still has the problem of Claudius to deal with. He felt a lot of self-hatred and anger and didnt know who to focus it on.

Sir Karl Poppers Falsifiability Claim Essay -- Sir Karl Popper Scienc

Sir Karl Popper's Falsifiability Claim Popper asserts that "it is easy to obtain confirmations, or verifications, for nearly every theory--if we look for confirmations." Kuhn illustrates (page 6), in his discussion of cosmologies, that man needs a structure for his universe. Man needs to explain the physical relation between his personal habitat and nature in order to feel at home. Explaining this relation gives meaning to his actions. Moreover, Kuhn says observation is a double edged sword (page 7). This sword can confirm or conflict with cosmology which can destroy the theory. Kuhn discusses the astronomer (page 7), who because of his own world view (via his specialty) will not verify Milton's image of the Milky Way as being broad and ample or Shakespeare's vision of stars as night candles. Those descriptions don't tell the astronomer how far away the Milky Way, the Sun or Jupiter happen to be. Observations (page 26) are only clues to a mystery. The schema created by the observer can affect the results. "Therefore, observations like those discussed in the preceding sections could be collected and put in systematic form by men whose beliefs about the structure of the universe resembled those of the ancient Egyptians" (page 26). Kuhn discusses the functions of a conceptual scheme (page 36). He indicates that a theory deriving from observations can also transcend them. Kuhn says that since the two sphere universe is based on the human imagination of the obser...

Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion

Death in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocan's man in the City Cafeteria by making him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didn't know what to think. I don't think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose I'm denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante 'went gentle into that good night'. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ... I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I don't know quite what I believe in - some days it's reincarnation, some days it's a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when I'm upset) it's just being buried and then it stops, some days it's being taken from this world to another. I don't know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but it's nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I don't fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when it's my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. "It is as natural to die as to be born; and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other." Francis Bacon - 'Essays "Of Death"' Death in Do Not Go Gentle, City Cafeteria, Death Shall Have no Dominion Death in Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, City Cafeteria, And Death Shall Have no Dominion and Grandparents  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Death is a highly personal event. It affects each of us differently. It affected Peter Kocan's man in the City Cafeteria by making him look empty and disoriented. It affected Dylan Thomas by making him think about what there was afterward, and what you could do to avoid it. Death even affected Robert Lowell by making him realise how much it changed his life. I, fortunately, seem to have avoided death in many ways, but also have been touched by it, even recently. While preparing for this essay, ironically, one of my family pets died. It was a chicken named Ellephante, which belonged to my younger sister. I didn't know what to think. I don't think, even now, several days later, that I feel the chicken has gone. I suppose I'm denying it. I constantly revisit, in my mind, the times I went into my back yard to be greeted with a flutter of wings and a white body racing down the hill to greet me. I imagine this feeling to be similar to the one expressed in Grandparents, by Robert Lowell. He feels, as he walks around the farm, which now belongs to him, certain pangs of loneliness, of missing his grandparents. Small things set him off - the gramophone and the billiard table with the coffee stain. Small things still set my sister off - going up to the chook shed to feed the remaining chooks, or looking out the window and not seeing that other white shape we came to know and love as Ellephante. Taken before its time (the next-door dog is undoubtably the culprit), I do not feel that Ellephante 'went gentle into that good night'. Ellephante was a feisty chicken, always very vocal and very affectionate and tame... ... I look to death as Dylan Thomas does - as a natural progression from life. I don't know quite what I believe in - some days it's reincarnation, some days it's a very scientific returning to a state of atoms in different forms, some days (when I'm upset) it's just being buried and then it stops, some days it's being taken from this world to another. I don't know that I believe in a Heaven or Hell, as such, but it's nice to think about it some times. Unlike so many people I know, I don't fear death - I used to, but I have come to accept it as an inevitable part of life, which everyone will have to face. I just know that when it's my time to depart, I want people to remember the good times and not to dwell on the bad. "It is as natural to die as to be born; and to a little infant, perhaps, the one is as painful as the other." Francis Bacon - 'Essays "Of Death"'

Apple’s Innovation Strategy Essay

Innovation strategies are important for businesses to remain viable in this competitive market. Innovation also allows businesses to set the pace for the future. Apple continues to be the known as one of the leading electronic manufacturers in the world. Their innovation continues to impress consumer and remain a threat to its competitors. Apple is known for its Mac line of products. This paper will describe and evaluate Apple’s Innovative Strategy, provide information from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, and introduce the Mac Mini from Apple. Description of Innovation Strategy In today’s society, consumers want the latest technology in their homes and businesses. Apple continues to provide new products and meet the needs of the consumers. Apple has been successful because of their effective marketing and research strategies. Apple’s innovation has allowed them to produce desktops, iPads, iPods, notebooks, and wireless devices just to list some of their products (Apple Inc., 2015).. Apple continues to provide high quality, moderately priced products to consumers. The organization uses consumer surveys to get feedback on how well the products are doing in the market. The survey also provides other features consumers would like within a product. In 2014, Apple introduced the Mac Mini after the discontinuation of the server model. The Mac Mini was the first consumer desktop to be sold without display, keyboard, or mouse after Apple’s success release of the iMac (Apple Inc, 2015). The target consumers of this product are consumers changing from the traditional Windows PC. The purpose is compatibility. The Mac Mini added feature is the HDMI port which allows consumers to connect to televisions or other display as an alternative to Apple TV.

Shoeless Joe essays

Shoeless Joe essays After winning the 1906 World Series, the Chicago White Sox were not able to maintain their position of number one. They remained in the middle of the American League until 1915 when a new manager, Clarence Rowland and a new star, Joe Jackson, joined the team. Joe Jackson was a star from South Carolina who was known as "Shoeless" Joe because of his poverty-stricken childhood. Joe Jackson was dubbed "The finest natural hitter in the history of the game." In 1917 the White Sox won one hundred games in the regular season and went on to defeat the New York Giants in the World Series four games to two. Two years later the Sox were in the World Series thanks to their two twenty game winners, Eddie Cicotte and Clause Williams. The White Sox lost the best-of-nine series five games to three. A reporter for the Cincinnati Tribune thought something was wrong when he found out that someone had placed a two million dollar bet on the underdog Reds. One year later, in September 1920, Jackson, Cicott e and Wilson signed confessions to receiving five thousand dollars to throw the World Series. Before the trial for Jackson, Cicotte and Wilson, there was a turnover in the Illinois State Attorney's Office and all the confessions mysteriously disappeared. The three baseball players then said they didn't sign the confessions so the case was dropped. The new commissioner for Major League Baseball was Kenesaw Mountain Landis and he believed three players were guilty. He also believed they weren't the only ones on the team that threw the series. Kenesaw Mountain Landis kicked seven players from the White Sox team of 1919 out of Major League Baseball for life. Eddie Cicotte, Chick Gandil, Clause Williams, Happy Felsch, Swede Risberg, Fred McMullin and Joe Jackson were suspended for accepting a bribe to throw a series. Eight players were actually suspended for life but only seven took bribes. Buck Weaver, the eighth player who was suspended did not take money to t...

buy custom The Causes and Effects of Smoking essay

buy custom The Causes and Effects of Smoking essay Despite the fact that cigarette smoking is harmful to ones health, a fact that smokers know too well, most people experience difficulties in their attempt to quit smoking. Whereas one is free to choose whether to smoke or not, the decision to quit is not always straightforward. Quitting requires willpower and personal commitment in order to overcome this harmful habit. Although most smokers feel good during and after smoking, there are no documented health advantages. This essay shall explore the reasons why people smoke and the effects of smoking on the human body. There are various reasons why people choose to smoke. First, most smokers take cigarettes in order to avoid stressful thoughts. Cigarettes contain nicotine which acts as a stimulant thus alleviating ones emotional condition. Hence, it can deflect ones sad thoughts, fears and anxieties. Once nicotine is inhaled, it is rapidly absorbed in the lungs and directly into the bloodstream. On reaching the brain, it decomposes into various chemicals that have the effect of making the smoker feel light-headed, stress-free and contented with his or her current situation. On the other hand, those suffering from withdrawal symptoms exhibit excessive aggression, increased hostility, anger and anxiety. A recent report by the National Institute on Drug Abuse indicates that such people are likely to be sad or violent. When an individual quits smoking, it is imperative that he/she keeps away from stressful conditions that would otherwise generate an increased craving for cigarettes (Colby 1). Secondly, most smokers start smoking in order to fit in. A soon-to-be smokers environment may be heavily influenced by parents or friends who are regular smokers. For instance, it is a well-known fact that most people start smoking during their teenage years. Peer pressure is responsible for recruiting new smokers, who then become life-long cigarette consumers. In addition, teenager and the youth tend to idolize and emulate the actions of celebrities and other well-known societal figures. Hence, when celebrities appear in adverts or movies while smoking, the young generation picks up this habit believing that it is fashionable. Once one becomes a regular smoker, it becomes almost impossible to quit. Finally, some people may start smoking when experiencing a transition phase. Individuals have been known to start smoking when undergoing stressful situations or significant changes in their lives. For instance, a recently divorced man may turn to alcohol and cigarettes in order to avoid thinking about his predicament. Furthermore, stressed and overburdened employees may choose to take breaks at specific intervals during which they share cigarettes as they converse about their situation. Therefore, a non-smoker is soon initiated in the group as this symbolizes a common bond of friendship. In addition, some smoke in order to calm their nerves. Although nicotines soothing effects do not last long, a smoker derives a sense of confidence and calmness when facing situations that make one anxious or exited (Ditcher 1). Smoking exposes individuals to various risks. Cigarette smoking is not only detrimental to ones health, but also harmful to ones physique and teeth. Most effects are a result of the chemical compounds found in tobacco. First, tobacco contains tar, which is a collective term for various solid particles that are found in cigarette smoke. Studies have shown that when an individual smokes for a considerably long time, tar accumulates in the lung and may eventually lead to cancer. In addition, tar contains sticky compounds which lead to stained teeth, fingernails, nasal passages and trachea, and scarred lung tissue. Secondly, tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, an odorless, colorless fatal gas. This gas competes with oxygen for hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Hence, by bonding with these cells, less oxygen reaches vital body organns such as the heart, brains and muscles that require an adequate supply of oxygen. Thirdly, tobacco smoke contains hydrogen cyanide, a chemical that slow s down the respiratory systems regulatory scheme. Lungs and the bronchioles contain tiny hairs referred to as cilia that sweep back and forth in order to remove foreign objects in these air passages and spaces. Once these hairs are inhibited from carrying this all-important duty, air passages clog with foreign materials, resulting in respiratory difficulties and infections. In addition, tobacco smoke contains free radicals, metals and radioactive compounds which damage vital organs such as the heart and lead to the rupture of blood vessels. Metals such as cadmium and lead are carcinogenic and inhibit enzymes hence preventing enzymatic activity (Better Health Channel 1-4). Finally, cigarette smoke harms the reproductive system in males and females as well as the unborn baby. In men, cases of low sperm count, increased proportions of deformed sperms, unwarranted adjustments in the sex hormones such as testerone, reduced sperm mobility and cases of impotence have been reported. In fema les, smoking leads to higher exposure to risks such as miscarriage and premature birth, irregular menstrual cycles, early menopause, stroke in those over 35 years old, and increased incidences of cancer of the cervix. The unborn baby is faced by various risks such as low child birth weight which may lead to prolonged difficulties during subsequent growth and development, and high probability of occurrence of cleft clip and respiratory illnesses (Yap 1). In conclusion, smoking harms the consumer as well as those close to him or her. Although smoking is a personal decision, its side effects are felt by the user, ones immediate family and the community at large. Therefore, it is imperative to raise awareness amongst smokers and non-smokers. This will not only help smokers quit cigarettes but shall also deter non-smokers from joining their counterparts. Buy custom The Causes and Effects of Smoking essay

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example

Criminal Justice Authority Essay Example Criminal Justice Authority Essay Criminal Justice Authority Essay Criminal Justice Authority Evaluation The criminal justice system has always operated under discretionary authority. This includes law enforcement, the court system and corrections. Police officers enjoy the benefit of whether to charge for small infractions and whether an incident requires force to be applied. The court system uses discretionary authority in sentencing of the guilty. The department of corrections uses discretionary authority in the everyday running of the prison system, as they are the rulers of their community. Within this paper all of these fields will be evaluated and how the roles of a civilian oversight committee will fit in. There is a growing awareness of how complex police work is. This has come from an examination of the officers’ use of discretion in their daily policing activities. There is also of the critical role that community leaders have in the vitality of their neighborhoods. Discretion is used at all levels of law enforcement not just with the patrol officers. There is a special interest in how the core of police authorities uses discretion to enforce the law. Negative policies (things officers may not do) have at least two limits. First there is that they are unhelpful and irrelevant restrictions. There are rules that limit what they should do which gives supervisors rope with which to hang them with. Second there is a large gray area of necessary discretion and the feeling of not wanting anyone telling them what they should do. Because of the inattention of administrators of the day-to-day policing the beliefs that officers are being told what not to do and will use this to hand an officer crosses the line is across the board with officers. These rules fail to tell the officers what they should do in a positive way (Kelling,  2011). Police discretion cannot be structured by issuing policy statements or proscribing certain actions. There can and will be serious concerns if the departments do not develop policy guidelines that are clear and concise. Discretion is not only on patrol levels but all levels of criminal justice organizations. The portrayal of police work is inaccurate in some cases. Police do not make arrests on whether a law had been violated or not. A contributor to crime control is the low-level personnel decision makers. Social problems are solved by criminal law and unlawful behavior is diverse in nature. Criminal justice agency policies have an impact on other agencies. The idea of doing away with discretionary authority in law enforcement is in the minority (Kelling,  2011). The judicial system is made up of discretionary authority. Judging can be described as Main, (2006) â€Å"the art or science of making discrete choices among competing courses of action† (p. 4). In order for judges to rule fairly and equitably they must have the discretion to practice any lawful route. The core of the judicial function is the right to exercise discretion. Judges have the discretion to allow certain courses of actions such as mistrials, motion to exclude, testimony of certain witnesses (whether to exclude them or not) and sentencing of the accused. A judge will make choices at their discretion with the help of different options. The judicial system puts their trust in the judges to make informed and sound judgments. A judge can be persuaded by the arguments of the court advocates. A judge is in the higher position and must see, evaluate and hear the testimony with firsthand knowledge. There are situations that a judge will not use their own discretion to make a decision but will rely solely on the testimony and there will be only a yea or nay decision (Main, 2006). There are judicially-imposed conditions. These conditions can be used by judges to pursue a variety of objectives. There are four categories that overlap: Main, (2006), â€Å"(1) Germane Conditions which are conditions that reflect a close nexus with the criteria for deciding the motion that is precipitating the court order; (2) Fairness Conditions which are the conditions inspired by notions of fairness; (3) Efficiency Conditions which are conditions designed to ensure the efficient processing of cases; and (4) Power Conditions which are conditions expressing judicial fiat† (p. 6). These conditions are applied by the courts. These are concrete conditions but judicial discretion to these conditions must contemplate a number of variations. The judicial system has the authority to induce or impose these conditions (Main, 2006). Corrections are probably the area where discretionary authority can become corrupt more easily. One of the biggest infractions is the misuse of authority. This is the McCarthy  (1996), â€Å"intentional misuse of discretion for personal material gain† (para. 8). There are three offenses that comprise this type of corruption. They are directed against the inmates (McCarthy, 1996). The acceptance of gratuities or rewards from inmates for special consideration in obtaining normal prison privileges; the acceptance of gratuities for help in obtaining or protecting illicit prison activities; and the mistreatment or extortion of inmates by staff or personal gain (McCarthy, 1996, para. 8). Discretionary conduct is broken down in three different forms. They are nonfeasance, misfeasance, and malfeasance. An improper action that an official may lawfully do is referred to as misfeasance. This includes giving special privileges for some type of gratuity. Direct misconduct is referred to as malfeasance. This includes smuggling in contraband and extortion. The failure to live up the expectations of a correctional official is referred to as nonfeasance. This will include ignoring the rules of the organization and ignoring the inmate violations. Legislature gives corrections so much discretionary authority that it allows for the opportunity of corruption. Low-level employees are responsible for controlling and monitoring inmate behavior. This means that they have to make discretionary decisions which will either penalize or reward inmate behavior (McCarthy, 1996). Discretionary acts are given a wide berth by the public until something happens that a complaint is filed. We allow for police officers to arrest or charge, judges to sentence or rule on motions, and corrections officers to control the inmate population using discretionary authority. Some of these are abused and need to be looked into. There are committees formed called civilian oversight committees. The role of these committees is makes sure the officers in the criminal justice system does not abuse their power of discretion. Police should be accountable to the public for the way that they treat people. A civilian oversight committee will oversee the â€Å"conduct on behalf of the public† (Stone Merrick, 2002, p. 1). This is to correct or curb those that abuse their power. The civilian oversight committee will look into any questions of the abuse of power in the arrest, the questioning and the use of force, lethal or non-lethal. Some think that civilian oversight should go even farther into policing. Not just the patrolman but the higher ups in the organization also. Police chiefs have the discretion as to whether to punish or withhold punishment of an officer that has been accused of abusing their power. Civilian oversight committees are being considered to look more deeply into the supervisors that are abusing their power (Stone Merrick, 2002). Civilian oversight committees are being used across the world. They will look out for the fundamental rights of the citizens in relation to law enforcement. In some areas the institutional structures and the legal structure enforcing those rights are incomplete and week. A strong civilian oversight is an effort to strengthen these structures (Stone Merrick, 2002). As more and more civilian oversight committees are formed the criminal justice system will be able to operate more at their discretion because they will be closely monitored. The discretionary authority of law enforcement can cross the lines of good police work. Choosing when to charge an individual with breaking the law can lead to questions of bias. The judicial system appears to run solely on the discretion of the judge. There are conditions that are finally and a judge cannot be discrete when considering these conditions. There are many different variations that determine a judge’s final ruling. Out of all the areas of the criminal justice system the corrections area are more apt to use their discretionary authority for corruption. Giving the low-level employees the room to penalize or reward inmates because of their behavior at their discretion opens the door for corruption. Civilian oversight committees will assure that police, judges, and corrections officers do not abuse their discretionary authority. With civilian oversight committees monitoring these criminal justice systems the public can be assured that they will get fair treatment regardless of what organization they are dealing with. Reference Kelling, G. (2011). â€Å"Broken Windows† and police discretion. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved from https://www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/178259. pdf Main, T. (2006). Judicial discretion to condition. MSFraud. Retrieved from http://avenue-s. us/resources/judicial%20discretion%20to%20condition. pdf Stone, C. Merrick, R. (2002). Civilian oversight of the police in democratic societies. VERA Institute of Justice. Retrieved from vera. org/download? file=95/Civilian%2Boversight%2B2. pdf

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 49

Case Study Example This value chain management ensures timely delivery of the products in the market. Moreover, the products are low cost and relatively affordable. Zara is has a customer-centered approach to the market. Besides having to consider great value and quality, the company also uses its resources to ensure that the products reaching the customers is at low cost. Providing fashion at low cost has remained one of the company’s strength and the means behind the market share claim. The target market for the clothing is the customers with medium to high purchasing power. This includes those individuals who are fashion conscious and who want to look fashionable at all times. In my opinion, this helps the company to compete well with other fashion companies in the world. Being customer-centered, the company has market researchers in every part of the world where their presence is felt. This allows the company to respond directly to consumers’ needs. Further, the company has focused on research-based designing and innovativeness. This helps to create brands that the consumers can appreciate and that are ready to capture their attention and hence compete well in the market (Kumar, 2005). The success of any company depends on both the internal and external environment of the organization. Zara Company has a strong organization structure that ensures its success. With a well-structured management and a long-time experience in the market, the company has an easy time navigating the market and creating new environments. The company’s presence in 74 countries in the world also contribute to its success. This is because for a company to be successful. It must be able to secure a wide customer base that will ensure maximum and consistent source of revenue. This expansive strategy has allowed the company to be relevant to the emerging markets and to create a market share for itself as compared to many of the

AirTex Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

AirTex Aviation - Essay Example This company is rather a challenge for its new owners to put it on the right track of profitable business activities. The two owners initially managed to infuse $500,000 into the business as working capital employed to meet the company's short term debts, obligations and even the expenses that are to be paid in the current year The management of cash and accounts receivable are the most important assets of the company, but the company lacked proper recording, calculating and collecting the accounts receivable and turn them into cash efficiently Ted gave the collection of accounts receivable a new direction. It delegated the responsibility of dealing with the debtors, credit grant and collection of accounts receivable to the departmental managers themselves The company owed the bank $300,000 against the notes payable and the company would have gone for bankruptcy if the bank had called for the payment of liabilities, indicating poor liquidity position of the company. Ted met this challenge by strengthening relationship and building trust of the bank manager in the company's new management and their abilities. This made the company became eligible to get more loans and borrowings from the bank and meet any credit uncertainty. AirTex Aviation was on the brink of bankruptcy due to poor management caliber shown by its ex-owner that had lead the company to such a position Previously, all the management power and influence were rested on the single person who was an accountant for the company The company was very weak in terms of its Organisational structure and the dispersion of power and authority remained confined to a single accounting manager that hindered the free and direct flow of communication between the manager and the workers The company lacked educated and trained employees, furthermore, most of the workers in the company are reluctant to change, of any kind especially, education, training and application of new technology etc that could serve to be the greatest hindrance in its course of success Most of departmental managers were old-aged people who were supposedly less willing to adopt the new trends and technologies The two new owners of the company lacked the industry-related skills and knowledge of the business that may affect the growth of their business There had been a severe lack of communication and coordination among the managers and the workers, also the managers confront with the lack of decision-making powers and rights. After the acquisition, the revised structure of organization and decentralization of power resulted in enhanced decision making skills of the managers and an improvement of departmental education and learning The departmental level of accounting was required to be done by the

Management of risk falls among the elderly Essay

Management of risk falls among the elderly - Essay Example The need to address the issue of falls among the elderly is therefore an important consideration. This paper shall discuss the management of risk falls among the elderly, specifically carrying out a critical analysis of the main theoretical and clinical concepts/principles and relevance to clinical care. Following a balanced and evidenced critique, this paper will develop recommendations for clinical practice and/or educational development of nursing practitioners in relation to the topic. Search strategy An initial internet search was carried out via Google Scholar using the following search words and specific combinations: falls elderly; fall risk elderly; management falls elderly; impact falls elderly. Literature dated from 2001 onwards was further evaluated for inclusion into this study. A search of the following databases was also carried out: Cochrane, Medline, and PubMed using the same search words specified above. The inclusion criteria covered elderly patients 65 years and a bove, with or without history of falls, with or without history of mental health illness including dementia, with or without history of osteoarthritis or other diseases affecting mobility, gait, or balance, with or without history of stroke rendering paralysis, and those undertaking any form or medication which may cause dizziness or disorientation. The following inclusion criteria are possible contributory elements to falls among the elderly and any of these elements present may also pose equal risk to the elderly patient. The credibility of the authors, including publication, and peer-review of the chosen literature was evaluated. Chosen studies were then specifically assessed in terms of relevance. Contextual information Falls as incidents caused by the aging process are often associated with diseases like Parkinson’s disease, musculoskeletal issues, cognitive degradation, and impairment of sensory systems (Carter, et.al., 2002). Incidents of falls often increase as people get older and as the elderly continue to advance in age. It is also one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the elderly (Rubenstein and Josephson, 2006). Morbidity from falls includes major injuries and fractures, limited mobility, as well as functional health decline and permanent disability (Wolf, et.al., 2003). A common effect of falls is hip fracture and some of these falls often lead to fractures, especially among the older adults (Moreland, et.al., 2004). These falls are considered preventable and much interest has been directed to these methods of prevention, especially in relation to the risk factors which exacerbate these risks (Barnett, et.al., 2003). Various studies have been carried out evaluating these fall risks and preventive measures for these falls. Most of these studies indicate that the risk for falls increase with the advancing age of individuals, with higher risks seen among those in the over 60 age range (Li, et.al., 2005). Studies also reveal that fall risks are often associated with different factors including history of past falls, cognitive impairment, impairment in the performance of activities of daily living, weakness of muscles or bones in the lower extremities due to disability, impaired gait or balance, dizziness, arthritis, history of stroke, poor eyesight, low body mass index, use of psychotropic medications causing dizziness or disorientation (American Geriatrics Society, et.al., 2001). A

Comparing Literary Works Themes' Research Paper

Comparing Literary Works Themes' - Research Paper Example These articles are How I Met My Husband and The Gift of the Magi by Alice Munro and Henry O respectively. How I Met My Husband is a short story that was written by Alice Munro. Having being published in, the story covers the theme of marriage. As one of the most valued aspects of life, marriage has been extensively covered by many authors who are focused at providing the manner in which a strong family is formed based on the right choice during marriage. How I Met My Husband is a story that involves Edie, a young girl who was employed as a house help for Dr Peebles and his family. The story indicates how Edie meets a pilot known as Chris Watters. Immediately, the two falls in love. As a young girl who is looking for love, Edie first encounter with romance is when she comes close to an airplane view. One of the key aspects that the story is based on is the innocent nature about romance that Edie exhibits. Additionally, the story indicate how despite her younger age, she is significantly proud and is aware of her blossoming womanhood that she aim to use together with Mrs. Peebles’s make ups to attract the attention of Chris Watters. One of the afternoons while Mrs. Peebles is away, Edie plans on how to dress herself and become a sophisticated beauty that Chris could not avoid. Chris on his part notices the beautiful Edie while he was looking for cool water to drink. On the other hand The Gift of the Magi is a romance story which is written by O. Henry. The story is concerned about marriage between Mr. James Dillingham (Jim) and Della who is Jim’s wife. Marriage needs commitments and love and thus it is termed as tricky. Love is tricky and thus the young couples want to buy each other gifts but have little money since it is on Christmas Eve. Gift to make each other happy and strengthen their love and thus each and every individual has to play his or her role to make sure that the lover will appreciate the gift. One

Server Virtualization Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Server Virtualization - Term Paper Example These issues become a challenge when the business is unable to respond urgently due to budget constraints. Virtualization has proven to be a reliable solution in responding to problems associated with declining floor space and power. Virtualization is exemplified best in virtual memory where computer system software is capable of utilizing more memory than is physically available. This is made possible through the swapping process that allows data to be placed at the background of hard disk. Recent developments have seen this concept being applied in server hardware, networks, laptops, system software and application software. The widespread application of virtualization is due to the fact that most of the system processing resources are normally underutilized. Simply put, much of system time is wasted given that most systems and their applications spend a considerable amount of their time in idle states (Kusnetzky, etal. 2011). Virtualization technology allows more work to be done f rom a single hardware. By creating more than one virtual machine in a single server or laptop, a business executive is able to optimize his or her system resource. This is possible since the technology is non-disruptive and it does not interfere with normal functioning of the system. With the level of abstraction given by virtualization IT managers are able to respond to urgent needs of an organization and to implement cost effective IT infrastructure. This is possible because the managers have a quick access to a centralized pool of resources. Virtualization makes it possible for hardware to function independent of applications and system. In addition, this technology enables virtual machines to be installed in any system. Also, management of operation system and application as a single unit is made possible by incorporating them into virtual machines (Kusnetzky, etal. 2011). Incase a server is overloaded; virtual machines can be deployed to a different server. This ensures that sy stem response time is not compromised and that a system is not underutilized. When the workload goes down, the virtual machines can be incorporated back to their original server so as to cut down costs by saving power. Few years ago it was not possible to exploit full potential of virtualization. This was because it was impossible deploying virtual machines in a secure environment. Server and network administrators at the time had difficulties managing virtual environment since routers and switches were not compatible with virtual machines. Nevertheless, with virtualization, management of resources was fairly easy since applications were readily available. In case a server encountered problems, virtual machines within it were readily restarted in a separate hardware. However, with automatic deployment made possible, efficiency is greatly improved since it is possible to move a virtual machine ahead of time in case a system administrator decides to service the server or to shut it do wn for some other reason. Virtualization has evolved to an extent that network vendors are able to perform certain activities which they could not few years ago. The development of BLADE network technology has seen the launch of switches (VMready) that have solved most of previous experienced problems. The switches readily recognize virtual machines within servers. The switch is also compatible with almost all Hypervisors e.g. Microsoft, VMware, Red Hat etc (Kusnetzky, etal.

Comparing Literary Works Themes' Research Paper

Comparing Literary Works Themes' - Research Paper Example These articles are How I Met My Husband and The Gift of the Magi by Alice Munro and Henry O respectively. How I Met My Husband is a short story that was written by Alice Munro. Having being published in, the story covers the theme of marriage. As one of the most valued aspects of life, marriage has been extensively covered by many authors who are focused at providing the manner in which a strong family is formed based on the right choice during marriage. How I Met My Husband is a story that involves Edie, a young girl who was employed as a house help for Dr Peebles and his family. The story indicates how Edie meets a pilot known as Chris Watters. Immediately, the two falls in love. As a young girl who is looking for love, Edie first encounter with romance is when she comes close to an airplane view. One of the key aspects that the story is based on is the innocent nature about romance that Edie exhibits. Additionally, the story indicate how despite her younger age, she is significantly proud and is aware of her blossoming womanhood that she aim to use together with Mrs. Peebles’s make ups to attract the attention of Chris Watters. One of the afternoons while Mrs. Peebles is away, Edie plans on how to dress herself and become a sophisticated beauty that Chris could not avoid. Chris on his part notices the beautiful Edie while he was looking for cool water to drink. On the other hand The Gift of the Magi is a romance story which is written by O. Henry. The story is concerned about marriage between Mr. James Dillingham (Jim) and Della who is Jim’s wife. Marriage needs commitments and love and thus it is termed as tricky. Love is tricky and thus the young couples want to buy each other gifts but have little money since it is on Christmas Eve. Gift to make each other happy and strengthen their love and thus each and every individual has to play his or her role to make sure that the lover will appreciate the gift. One

Catalonia's Parliament Abolish Bullfighting Essay

Catalonia's Parliament Abolish Bullfighting - Essay Example The ban which took effect in January 2012 caused a lot of controversy, criticism and debates within Catatonia. The activities which led to the acceleration of the ban include the national anti-bullfighting movements and the cries of the animal rights activists. There were also international influence from individuals and groups who considered this tradition and activity as a total violation of the rights of animals and unnecessary risk on the lives of the participants. A review of the bull fighting tradition in the region demonstrates that it contributed significantly to the tourism and hotel industry. This is attributed to the fact that the bullfighting activities attracted tourists within Spain and from abroad who came to witness and participate in the bullfighting activities. In this regard therefore I do not agree with the ban of the bullfighting tradition. This is because of its economic and social cultural significance of the tradition to the people of Catalonia and Spain in ge neral. It is therefore arguable that the legislators of the region should have considered the benefits that the bullfighting tradition had for Catalonia before they would make a historic decision of passing the ban on this tradition. The important considerations that would have been put in mind by the legislators are the number of people who lost their employment and source of income within the bullfighting industry in addition to the negative implication that this had on the economy. The anti cruelty campaigns within Spain and other parts of the world are attributed to the ban on the bullfighting tradition in Catalonia. These campaigns have been staged for a long time and therefore the decision of the parliament on the ban was caused by the pressure of these bans. It is therefore reasonable to argue that the parliamentarians were responding to the voices and pressures of the activists and the animal rights groups instead of the actual implications that the bullfighting tradition ha d on the social economic aspects of the region. It is therefore evident that without the external pressure, the legislatures would not have decided to ban the tradition. This is due to the economic benefits and the cultural significance that the bullfighting exercise had on Catalonia. Because of the ban, the unique cultural identity of this region which led to the attraction of tourists to this region was lost. This means that the government and the economy in general experienced a negative impact from the ban which forms a reason why I do not support it. The arguments that were put forward by the supporters of the ban include postulations that Catalonia should adopt modern culture instead of the bullfighting which was considered cruel (Igor 1). In line of this, it is arguable that the people of Catalonia should not have been mandated to abandon their culture because it is this same culture which made them unique from the rest of the world communities and societies. In addition, thi s culture had been passed to the people of Catalonia from their forefathers for centuries. Therefore it is evident that the basis of a modern culture as an argument for the ban is not justifiable. Therefore the legislatures should have considered the need for the Catalonia people to preserve their conserved culture rather than submitting to the pressures of people and groups from other cultures who had no comprehension of the local culture and what it meant to the people of Catalonia. Many individuals and groups were affected by the ban of the bullfighting tradition. These include fans within Catalonia, the larger Spain and the rest of the w

Making Connections Essay Example for Free

Making Connections Essay In â€Å"Werner†, Hoeflich is sharing very intimate and specific details about his experience. Beard Probably met Hoeflich on several occasions in order to gain his trust before he was able to collect some of the details that he included in his work. It most likely took Beard days of asking just the right questions to write â€Å"Werner. † In this piece, Werner is presented as both weak and strong. In the beginning of the story, he is completely caught off guard by the fire in his home, but then the author follows with a story of Werrner cliff diving. Beard describes Werner diving out of his apartment window with athletic elegance, and then proceeds to tell us about Werner crying in the ambulance. At the end of the story, Beard describes Werner â€Å"never being able to confuse himself with the old Werner. † I am left wondering what Werner did after his accident. We know he always felt pain since, but I wonder in what other ways it affected his life. Zinner emphasizes balancing quotes with narrations which Beard did very well. He also spoke of not changing the quotes in order to preserve the character’s voice. Beard did a very good job of depicting Werner’s personality through the quotes he chose. 2. Gladwell began the piece by describing an event very vaguely, and then slowly gave us more details. He ended the story by teaching us one of the lessons that Cesar learned through his experience. I like that Gladwell keeps us wondering at the beginning of his piece. He could be talking about any number of things. I liked the ending because the reading was able to see another side of Cesar. Bow, not only was he an expert on dog behavior; he knew quite a bit about human behavior as well. I didn’t like that he chose to describe Cesar in his introduction. I also didn’t like that in the conclusion, he told a story of Cesar failing to be able to do his job. I would have described Cesar after I finished telling the story of Sugar and Lynda. I would have told the story of Cesar failing before I talked about Cesar learning about human behavior. Gladwell did a good job of hooking the reader. After the first sentence, I was left wondering what Gladwell was talking about. He also did a good job of knowing when to end the story. If he had continued on for much longer, the reader would have lost interest. 3. Ingram’s message was that this was she experienced was a very confusing time for everyone. Not all Germans hated Jews, and not all Jews resented Americans. She wanted to provide a different perspective on the war than the ones we hear most often. When I was finished reading this piece, I felt a sense of sadness. Ingram wanted us to see that although the Hamburg people were grateful for being saved, they were still haunted by the sight of their dead neighbors and friends. In order for any good to come, sacrifices had to be made. Ingram begins her memoir with a story of her bravely saving her mother’s life and uses very frank and blunt language in order to establish power. Zinner recommends that an author write without being to egotistical and to use vivid sight and smell language. Ingram did a very good job of painting a picture in the reader’s mind without making herself the hero in every situation. 4. Rodriguez was trying to tell us that there is a big change coming in California and in America. No longer do you have to come to California to live your dream. A person can stay at home and achieve it just as easily, but don’t be surprised when it doesn’t come true. I imagine that the audience had a love/hate relationship with this piece. They thought it was beautifully written and brought up excellent points, but hated to admit that what Rodriguez was saying was true. In describing East Cobb, I would use the terms† large houses, fast food, many cultures, crowded schools, crowded streets, expensive cats, large lawns, family secrets, intelligent kids, and drug abuse. Rodriguez described the California that we all know, but he also went deeper and described to us in great detail the California that very few people see. 5. Singer posed a question. Then, he spent a paragraph or two answering the question. He did this repeatedly throughout his work and added supporting details along the way. Singer gave a very convincing argument. He appealed to the emotions of a sensitive reader with the child in the pond analogy. HE appealed to the logic of a skeptical reader with all his statistics. This article would persuade most people to be more charitable. It would not provide a very convincing argument to the people with lower incomes. Singer did a very good job of cutting the clutter. He used simple language and said exactly what he meant. I also felt Singer’s personality through his writing. He is very realistic and believes that we should all be more charitable.

Assessing The Homestay Program In Malaysia

Assessing The Homestay Program In Malaysia Homestay is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia. Homestay has been discovered in early 1970 where a local lady called Mak long who took guests and provide them with food and accommodation within her humble kampong house (Amran,1997). Homestay is a program where tourists stay among local families and experience their actual lifestyle first-hand-how they prepare and eat their meals, go about their work, their leisure activities and much more. There were about 286 houses participating officially in this homestay programme in 1997 throughout the country and the number of homestay has been increased to 2000 homestays in 2011 (Dept. Statistic Malaysia,2011). Homestay program can thus be regarded as a rural-cultural-community-based tourism product. Rural tourism per se may have existed for a long time in Malaysia as quite a number of nature based and culture based tourism products are located in the rural areas. However, it has only received recognition as a tourism product with the launching of the Rural Tourism Master Plan in 2001. A market survey undertaken to formulate the master plan indicated that foreign tourists who came to Malaysia spent 15% of their stay in rural areas. In the eight month to August 2009, there are 102,934 visitors participate in the homestay program nationwide with a turnover of RM6.5 million compare to 57,658 visitors with a turnover of 3.3 million during the same period last year (The Star, 2009). The idea of the homestay program is to accommodate tourists in a village with a local family, thus enabling the tourist to learn about local lifestyle, culture, nature (Louise Gai Hjulmand et al: ARBEC 2003). The core component of the Malaysian homestay programs, which differentiates it with homestay elsewhere, is the element of staying together with host families or adopted families. The guests have the opportunities to interact, gain knowledge, and experience the life style and culture of the host family as well as the local community. This element involves the guests eating, cooking, and engaging in many activities together with their adopted families, thus allowing two parties with different cultural backgrounds to interact and learn from each other. Unlike regular bed and breakfast establishments, the homestay program in Malaysia allows the guests to participate in the hosts daily activities. Indeed, this can be considered as an important strength of this particular product; no other tourism product in Malaysia offers a similar experience of Malaysian rural societies as that offered by the homestay program (Kalsom, 2009). The uniqueness of the Malaysian program is the experiential element with the host families as well as communities. Communities are the basic reason for tourists to travel, to experience the way of life and material products of different communities. Communities also shape the natural and landscapes which many tourists consume (Richards and Hall 2000). The realization that the community itself has become an object of tourism consumption has in turn encouraged some communities to reproduce themselves specifically for tourists. Through homestay program, tourists would be able to experience the daily life of the ordinary people of a community. The homestay program is a non-commercialized entity, as opposed to a hotel, a bed and breakfast, or a homestay run by an individual homeowner in a residential area. Background study The government have given emphatic stress through the ministry of tourism to the homestay program as it is a tourism product. The program having so many potential, a master plan was formulated in 2011 to advance homestay program as a catalyst for rural community development. The number of homestay providers in Malaysia has rising because it has the ability of providing additional income and likewise employment (9th Malaysian plan, 2010). Moreover, the government in their effort in enhancing the homestay program have created websites, where all descriptions, booking details and contact number are been provided. Infrastructural development are also a factor that is been strengthen by government in rural area. They make sure good road are been contractedly, constant electricity supply, provision of clean water supply and upholding the community building. Furthermore in the 9th Malaysia plan, the government put its centre of attention into the development of rural area through the modernization and commercialization of agricultural acivities and creation of new economic activities that must especially through the system of One District One Industry program The guesthouse nowadays, which are called homestays are actually commercial home enterprise (CHE) which is define as a small housing enterprise that are identified as a new hospitality nowadays (Paul A. Lynch, 2005). A commercial home is type of accommodation in which payment is been made by guest to stay in private homes. In most guest houses or private homes, the host or family do not usually live on the property. Likewise there are limitation differentiating open area and closed area in the premises. Some spaces are restricted for visitors because they open to host only. While the real homestay is all about living and learning the local lifestyle in their local residents and their family and most homestay do not have restrictions to visitors, where there are free to move around the house as they please. In the homestay, visitor or tourist will experience the music and cultural activities, historical significance, arts and crafts (MaimumahAbdulRahim, 2009). Due to the misunderstanding between the guest house that is presumed to be home stay and the experiential home stay, it causes a lot of confusion in the mindset of people. Most people or tourist takes the guest house as the home stay, which in turn makes them not to take the real home stay as their first choice of holiday accommodation. The reason that brought about this research is to ensure the clarity between the experiential home stay and the guest house (CHE) called home stay. According to the host of a homestay in Melaka, there is lots of improvement that need to be executed. In other to make the name of the homestay unique and set a good perception and image of the homestay in the tourist mind through consistent theme, otherwise known as branding. This will help to establish a major presence in the market which will at all time attracts and maintain the customers. This wills also broadening the peoples understanding on the difference between the guest house (CHE) and homestay, because of its uniqueness due to branding. The host also pointed out that the marketing effort for the homestay is not enough. This is because most people do not know where homestay accommodation is situated. They have to refer to the web, which in most, cases tends to be tedious and might lead them changing their mind into going for hotel. It might also confuse their perception again on the difference between guest house (CHE) and homestay. So in light of this, the government should upgrade their marketing strategy for the real homestay creating more advertising campaigns through the media such as Television, radio station, newspaper and even roadside advertisement, Likewise in airports, so as to draw the attention of tourist into going for the homestay. Research objective Research shows that there is a growing body of knowledge on homestay, specifically in the area of tourism industry. So the main objective of this study to understands the state of homestay development in Melaka. In order to aim the question and to conduct the objective of the research, an exploratory study is conducted and this will be discussed in chapter 2. Chapter 2: Research Stance Inductive reasoning is logics based on experiences and observation acquired in the real world, in which it makes use of experiences and experiments to arrive at conclusion. The hypothesis of an inductive argument shows some degree of support for the conclusion, but they do not require it. In inductive reasoning, the hypothesis is mostly based on facts and observation. There is also the tendency that that the hypothesis could be true whereas the conclusion is false giving that a logical relationship between hypothesis and conclusion is not necessary. The reasoning through inductive logical argument begins with specific observation, then distinguish patterns and regularities, generate a timid hypothesis which we can explore and finally wind up emerging with some general conclusion. The most common type of inductive reasoning is when we gather evidence of some experimental phenomena, and then make a general conclusion on all such types of phenomena based on collected facts. An example of inductive reasoning through medical science. Scientist in their research discovered that the average human temperature is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. A person with 99.3 degrees temperature is considered to be having a fever and is given medication to bring the temperature to normal. This type of reasoning is inductive and obvious, nobody is entirely fit as an average human beign, not in weight, height or the talked about temperature. To make a conclusion that the right temperature of all human race is the same as the average temperature of a sample of individual members is incorrect. The advantage of inductive reasoning is able to asses hypothesis even if information contrary to the hypothesis is observed. It is flexible, more open minded and tentative most especially at the beginning. Inductive reasoning can be probable, believable, reasonable, because it benefit from a wide variety of probability. Moreover inductive reasoning takes place in lots of places, ranging from mere classroom to courtroom and even in the media. It is a reasoning that can start with nothing, and then make some observations which will lead to a conclusion. Inductive reasoning help us in providing new ideas that could increase our knowledge about the world. It helps in dealing with complications, likewise inductive reasoning allow us to deal with concepts with insufficient definition. Inductive reasoning is not the exact opposite to science or reasoning, it is the way science operates and progresses infect. In induction, most of the conclusions are uncertain and this is the disadvantage of induction. Truths and objectivity are been compromised in induction, so the need for the use of evidence arises. False analogy is also a disadvantage during argument from analogy and inductive reasoning cannot be rationally justified, because we rely on assumptions (David Hume). In philosophy, it is been contemplated that the use of inductive reasoning to justify beliefs is reasonable. Experiences gain from previous events or our memories allow us to prepare for the future. Even though the future is not certain through predictions and generalization, we can assume that what will happen tomorrow will most likely be the same as what happened today. We can make generalization based on previous information achieved, but it doesnt necessarily means it has the same amount of certainty as the argument. For example, all human that have been seen had exactly 10 fingers, 5 on each hand, so therefore can conclude that the next human that will see will have 10 fingers too. This conclusion is arrived at due to inductive reasoning and do not have the same certainty as the premises. Some human nay carry a certain gene that when born, may have 12 fingers, 6 fingers on each hand, Although the possibility of that occurring maybe low, but it is possible. So thereby makes the argument invalid. A prediction may turn out to right, but it does not necessarily mean the induction is reliable. There are several type of inductive reasoning, such as inductive generalization, simple induction, statistical syllogism and argument by analogy. Inductive generalization is a reasoning that advances from an argument about a sample to a conclusion about the population. It aims at concluding about events larger than the subdivision which serves as the basis for the induction. In other for this argument to work, there is need for careful collection of information. It is descriptive and exploratory. Simple induction is the induction that continues from an argument about a sample group to an inference about another individual. It is the combination of both generalization and statistical syllogism. Statistical syllogism is the reasoning that argues from generalization to an inference about an individual. It proceed from a generalization to a particular case. Argument by analogy is the argument from analogy is as reasoning in general it is not always in turn of an argument. It is mostly ab out learning or explaining things, description, solving of problems by broadening our thoughts from what that been understand to what that do not been understand. Reasoning by analogy is quite common in humanities, science and philosophy. Deductive reasoning is generally known as formal logic. This involves reasoning from genral argument, which are known or presumed to be true, into a specific and certain conclusion. Avalid argument is when the conclusion is most definitely true provided the theory are true, meaning that the conclusion directly follow the theory. The conclusion arrived atare inevitable, certain and inescapable,. Furthermore the conclusion is contained in the theory. It is a method of acquiring knowledge. A deductive reasoning is determined by its structure of the argument and moreover by the conclusion offered. Reasoning through deductive argument starts with a major hypothesis, and based on those ideas it draws the truth and conclusion about it. Deductive reasoning begins from the more general observations to the more specific. From a topic of interest, a theory is been formulated, then narrowed down to more specific hypothesis that can be tested and then further narrowed down after observation is collected to tackle the hypothesis. In the end, it eventually help us to be able to test the hypothesis with specific data which is a configuration of our original theories. It is considered sound argument if it is valid and its premises are true and it is unsound if it is invalid or it is valid but one premises is wrong at least. Hence, deductive reasoning is the logic used in proving things for certain. It is a formal argument that assumes one or more facts as self-evident, by following strict rules, it arrives at a conclusion. The verification of deductive reasoning conclusion depends on its correctness of the argument and the truth of the hypothesis. The correctness is determined by use of established rules. An example of deductive argument goes as follows: All mangoes are fruits All fruits grow on trees Therefore, all mangoes grow on trees In the above statement, the argument is valid and sound. An argument is correct even if its impossible for its theory to be true while the conclusion is false. Deductive argument can be correct even if the premise is wrong. An example of a correct but unsound argument is: All baseball players eat crab Lamar eats crab Hence, Lamar is a baseball player For this argument, the conclusion may or may not be true due to the premises being wrong, given that all baseball players dont have to eat crab, they can have other things as well. Despite the fact that meet deductive reasoning are based in particular on information and science logic, there are general ones also such as: Members of a family include: Yusuf, Selena, Bella Yusuf is rich Selena is rich Bella is rich Hence, all members of the family are rich Referring to the example above, we can see that deductive reasoning is based on a theory called syllogism. Syllogism is a form of argument that contains three categories. The first categories utter a tentative property that cannot be argued further. The second states that an exact item fits into the category and last step gives a conclusion by applying the deductive reasoning from step one and two. The advantage in deductive reasoning is that the truth it created are absolute. Many of the hypothesis are generally accepted because they are known to be self-evident truths, because they cannot or do not need to be proved. Deductive reasoning draws conclusions from proofs and not by assuming about an already determined clause. It is very valuable skill that helps a student in analyzing literature or even proving a mathematical theorem. Deductive reasoning allows a student to determine the correct answer to a question and moreover deductive reasoning can be taught. The disadvantage in deductive argument is that new facts are not arrived at because the conclusions are already contained in the premises. Before starting a deductive reasoning it must have some truths in hand or else it wont be valid. The most obvious risk in deductive argument is when creating the major premises. The assumption made must be self- evident truths whereby no reasonable person would disagree with it, or an assumption that can be proven through clinical studies and physical observation. There is two type of deductive reasoning, such as traditional deductive reasoning and modern symbolic logic. The traditional deductive reasoning is also known as categorical syllogism, it is a reasoning where facts and information are determined by combining statements. It is an ancient type of deductive reasoning. During ancient times, men usually presented their arguments in syllogism, but soon then they presented their arguments in a more abstract form. An example of lines of reasoning derived from this method is: All men are mortal Socrates is a men Therefore Socrates is mortal Modern symbolic logic is a deductive reasoning that develop to help create a more simple and useful method of translator ordinary arguments into a universal language of symbols. This type of reasoning can analyze longer arguments very quickly and check if it is valid. But this type of reasoning made logical argument mathematical and even made it uglier. In the conclusion, Induction reasoning is generally related to the future. It assemble specific facts and then bring about a general conclusion that assume what will be found in the future while deductive reasoning are generally relate to the past or present. Most likely, the hypothesis are already tested, therefore it draw from general information and then create an exact conclusion which it verifies the past or present. An inductive reasoning needs faith in its conclusion, while deductive reasoning needs faith in its hypothesis. Inductive argument takes events and creates generalization while deductive arguments make conclusion based on generalization. Positivist and anti positivist Positivism is universally known as the philosophy of knowledge and science. The concept asserts that the only true knowledge is that which is found in sense, perception and positive verification. All knowledge arrives from positive facts of experience being observed. It is a philosophy which has a lot of theories for the entire field of theology as well as metaphysics, because they cannot be proving to be true. Positivist theories include the theory of the mind, theory of society, the theory of language and likewise the theory of morality. Antipositivism is also known as the non-positivist or interpretive sociology and is the view in social science that academics must necessarily reject empiricism and the scientific method in the conduct of social theory and research. Antipostivism contend that only through the subjective interpretation of and intervention in reality can that reality be fully understood. The study of phenomena in their natural environment is key to the antiposotism philosophy, together with the Acknowledgement that scientists cannot avoid affecting those phenomena they study. They admit that there may be many interpretations of reality, but maintain that these interpretations are in themselves a part of the scientific knowledge they are pursuing. antipositivism has a tradition that is no less glorious than that of positivism, nor is it shorter. In this research the approach that have been used in carried out the research is the deductive and purely anti positivism. How the research is been conducted and the findings from doing the research will be discussed in the exploratory research section. Exploratory Research In the process of this research, interview from different homestay and guest house that assume to be homestay have been carried out. From the interview found out that homestay faces some problems which might affect its progress and its reputations. This problem is as follows: The government effort toward homestay The Malaysian government makes all effort possible in making the homestay more reliable. They make provision of training for the host on how to manage the homestay. Homestay managers are been send to gain more knowledge on how to make the homestay more efficient. Furthermore, they also provide infrastructural facilities to aid the development of the homestay area. Facilities such as provision of good road networks, clean and portable and standard electricity power supply. All this facilities will boost the image of the homestay to the tourist who might be willing to stay there. The provision of these amenities would not only attract more visitors but it will also make the villagers lifestyle to be improved. The government in its effort also perform safety inspection on each homestay, in other to make sure that it is suitable for tourist. This is to make sure that the environment surrounding the homestay is kept clean and kept safe for the tourist or visitors because a safe environment is a place to be. Moreover, the government have make available homestay information to visiting tourist in the website; in the website include the location of the homestay, contact number of the homestay and also the addresses of the homestay. All of this is provided to make it easier for visitors or tourist to find the homestay area. They will be able to call earlier, even to make a booking or reservation; this will enhance and promote the homestay. Besides of this tremendous effort government should have double up the effort in marketing strategy and aware of the new phenomenon which has spread widely where is a guest house that called homestay. The government should take a wise action on this phenomenon whether to abolish or rename the guest house that assumed to be homestay this is because the reputation of homestay have been down because of the guest house that assume to be homestay. Branding and Marketing An effective brand marketing strategy draw at the heartstring of prospective buyers to evoke an emotional response called loyalty. Consumers buy goods and services, not only because of the quality or ability of a product to perform as promised, but because of emotions products and services evoke. Branding is all about promoting the right perception to a target audience, which will convince that audience of the advertisers promise to bring comfort, safety, security, assurance, a sense of well being, or social acceptance. An advertisers brand is a name, symbol, graphic, or slogan which identifies the goods and services the advertiser sells, while setting them apart from the competition (christianet, 2008). So in light of this, the government should upgrade their marketing strategy for the real homestay creating more advertising campaigns through the media such as Television, radio station, newspaper and even roadside advertisement, Likewise in airports, so as to draw the attention of t ourist into going for the homestay. This is another problem faced by homestay in Melaka. Many homestay do not have even names, not to mention images to identify it. There is no uniqueness for some homestay. Many guest house have overshadowed the homestay. Each homestay should have a unique image or brand, which allows visitors or tourist to be able to determine where they want to stay, the exact homestay they require. Moreover, they should try to improve their marketing strategies. This could be done through advertising and marketing branding. By advertising the homestay, it is likely to bring in more visitors which will enhance the market value. Also by raising brand awareness and driving sales, present the homestay with a more good features, which will give tourists or visitor more urge to visit. Homestay should engage in promotions. Through promotions, more visitors are being worn over. Many guesthouse have overshadowed the homestay. Each homestay should have unique image or brand which allows visitors or tourist to be able to determine where they want to stay, the exact homestay they require. Moreover, they should try to improve their marketing strategies. This could be done through advertising and marketing branding. By advertising the homes, it is likely to bring in more visitors which will enhance the market value. Also by raising brand awareness and driving roles, present the homestay with a more good features, which will give tourist or visitor more urge to visit. Homestays should engage in promotions. Through promotions, more visitors are being worn over. Many tourist or visitors will tend to choose a home offering discounts as it is still a great and lovely home to stay in. Homestay offering promotions to visitors and this will lead to get more attention than others and this will enhance its finance. Commercial Home Enterprise The guesthouse nowadays, which are called homestays are actually commercial home enterprise (CHE) which is define as a small housing enterprise that are identified as a new hospitality nowadays (Paul A. Lynch, 2005). A commercial home is type of accommodation in which payment is been made by guest to stay in private homes. In most guest houses or private homes, the host or family do not usually live on the property. Likewise there are limitation differentiating open area and closed area in the premises. Some spaces are restricted for visitors because they open to host only. While the real homestay is all about living and learning the local lifestyle in their local residents and their family and most homestay do not have restrictions to visitors, where there are free to move around the house as they please. In the homestay, visitor or tourist will experience the music and cultural activities, historical significance, arts and crafts (MaimumahAbdulRahim, 2009). Confusions have always been a very bad omen for anything or to human themselves. In terms of this research, it was noted that many visitors or tourists have always taken the guest house (CHE) to be the homestay. It has reduce the level of visitors which the experiential homestay has get the impact drastically. In dealing with this confusion, it is better to either abolish the confusion guest house or rename it to commercial home enterprise, it completely so as not to cause anymore confusions among the tourist. The perception of tourists or visitors is very important, because when they go for the guest house instead of the homestay and do not get to meet the expectation they wanted, it might damage their perception on the homestay. This really is causing a major upset for homestay host or managers. This confusion also affects the marketing and financial aspects of homestay. So this research deduces that the confusion needs to be deal with. The popularity of homestay also is an aspect that needs to treat. Most homestays are located in rural areas, so it is very hard for urban visitors to know of some homestays, in which they can reside in. It will help the cause of the homestays if it is been popularise in the urban areas as it will enhance the medium at which visitors or tourist visits. The government have given emphatic stress through the ministry of tourism to the homestay program as it is a tourism product. The program having so many potential, a master plan was formulated in 2011 to advance homestay program as a catalyst for rural community development. The number of homestay providers in Malaysia has rising because it has the ability of providing additional income and likewise employment (9th Malaysian plan, 2010) Moreover, the government in their effort in enhancing the homestay program have created websites, where all descriptions, booking details and contact number are been provided. Infrastructural development are also a factor that is been strengthen by government in rural area. They make sure good road are been contractedly, constant electricity supply, provision of clean water supply and upholding the community building. Furthermore in the 9th Malaysia plan, the government put its centre of attention into the development of rural area through the modernization and commercialization of agricultural acivities and creation of new economic activities that must especially through the system of One District One Industry program. The guesthouse nowadays, which are called homestays are actually commercial home enterprise (CHE) which is define as a small housing enterprise that are identified as a new hospitality nowadays (Paul A. Lynch, 2005). A commercial home is type of accommodation in which payment is been made by guest to stay in private homes. In most guest houses or private homes, the host or family do not usually live on the property. Likewise there are limitation differentiating open area and closed area in the premises. Some spaces are restricted for visitors because they open to host only. While the real homestay is all about living and learning the local lifestyle in their local residents and their family and most homestay do not have restrictions to visitors, where there are free to move around the house as they please. In the homestay, visitor or tourist will experience the music and cultural activities, historical significance, arts and crafts (MaimumahAbdulRahim, 2009). Due to the misunderstanding between this two, it causes confusion in the mind set of people on the homestay. Many people or tourist visiting would think take the guest house as the homestay, which makes them not to take homestay as their first choice of holiday accomodation or activities. Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction A research methodology clarifies what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. The main focus on this chapter is to demonstrate what the purpose of the research is, how the questionnaire is designed, in what way the data are collected and which areas are targeted. Analysis of the data is presented to obtain the results for objectives which are stated in chapter one. To this extent, the methodology is described with the objectives of this study, which are again stated: To access the effort of government that can enhance the success of homestay To investigate Malaysians perception on homestay To estimate the level of acceptance of Malaysian and foreign tourist toward homestay Research framework, hypothesis development and research design are presented in section 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 respectively. The discussion of the research instrument involved is explained in section 3.5. The designing of the questionnaire for collecting data will be explained in section 3.6. Moreover, sampling method, data collection and data analysis method will discuss in this chapter also. 3.2 Research Framework

The Neo-Kantians and the Logicist Definition of Number :: Mathematics Math Mathematical Papers

The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number ABSTRACT: The publication of Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Couturat's Les principes des mathematiques (1905) incited several prominent neo-Kantians to make up their mind about the logicist program. In this paper, I shall discuss the critiques presented by the following neo-Kantians: Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer and Jonas Cohn. They argued that Russell's attempt to deduce the number concept from the class concept is a petitio principii. Russell replied that the sense in which every object is 'one' must be distinguished from the sense in which 'one' is a number. I claim that Russell was wrong in dismissing the neo-Kantian argument as an elementary logical error. To accept Russell's distinction would be to accept at least part of Russell's logicist program. The expression 'a class with one member' would presuppose the number 'one' only if one simultaneously accepted the analysis which mathematical logic provides for it (the class u has one member when u is not null a nd 'x and y are us' implies 'x and y are identical'). My point is that the aforementioned analysis provided by mathematical logic was something that the neo-Kantians were not ready to accept. Although Frege published the first informal exposition of his 'logicist' programme in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (1884), his thesis that all mathematics follows from logic was almost completely neglected in Germany for a long time. Frege remained an isolated figure whose works were either strongly criticised or completely neglected by German philosophers. Frege's ideas started to have an impact in Germany only in the first decade of the twentieth century. In particular, the publication of Bertand Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Louis Couturat's Les principes des mathà ©matiques (1905) incited several prominent German philosophers to state their opinion about mathematical logic and the logicist programme. In this paper I shall discuss how the neo-Kantians Paul Natorp (1854-1924), Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) and Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) criticised Russell's and Frege's theories of number. The study of their criticism will also throw some light on the historical orig ins of the current situation in philosophy, that is, on the split between analytic and Continental philosophy. 1. The 'logicist' definition of number as a class of classes According to Russell, the goal of the logicist programme is to show that all pure mathematics deals exclusively with concepts definable in terms of a very small number of fundamental logical concepts, and that all its propositions are deducible from a very small number of fundamental logical principles (Russell 1903: v). The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number :: Mathematics Math Mathematical Papers The Neo-Kantians and the 'Logicist' Definition of Number ABSTRACT: The publication of Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Couturat's Les principes des mathematiques (1905) incited several prominent neo-Kantians to make up their mind about the logicist program. In this paper, I shall discuss the critiques presented by the following neo-Kantians: Paul Natorp, Ernst Cassirer and Jonas Cohn. They argued that Russell's attempt to deduce the number concept from the class concept is a petitio principii. Russell replied that the sense in which every object is 'one' must be distinguished from the sense in which 'one' is a number. I claim that Russell was wrong in dismissing the neo-Kantian argument as an elementary logical error. To accept Russell's distinction would be to accept at least part of Russell's logicist program. The expression 'a class with one member' would presuppose the number 'one' only if one simultaneously accepted the analysis which mathematical logic provides for it (the class u has one member when u is not null a nd 'x and y are us' implies 'x and y are identical'). My point is that the aforementioned analysis provided by mathematical logic was something that the neo-Kantians were not ready to accept. Although Frege published the first informal exposition of his 'logicist' programme in Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (1884), his thesis that all mathematics follows from logic was almost completely neglected in Germany for a long time. Frege remained an isolated figure whose works were either strongly criticised or completely neglected by German philosophers. Frege's ideas started to have an impact in Germany only in the first decade of the twentieth century. In particular, the publication of Bertand Russell's The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Louis Couturat's Les principes des mathà ©matiques (1905) incited several prominent German philosophers to state their opinion about mathematical logic and the logicist programme. In this paper I shall discuss how the neo-Kantians Paul Natorp (1854-1924), Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) and Jonas Cohn (1869-1947) criticised Russell's and Frege's theories of number. The study of their criticism will also throw some light on the historical orig ins of the current situation in philosophy, that is, on the split between analytic and Continental philosophy. 1. The 'logicist' definition of number as a class of classes According to Russell, the goal of the logicist programme is to show that all pure mathematics deals exclusively with concepts definable in terms of a very small number of fundamental logical concepts, and that all its propositions are deducible from a very small number of fundamental logical principles (Russell 1903: v).

Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, Biography

â€Å"The spirits of the dead, who stood, In life before thee, are again, In death around thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee; be still†(â€Å"Spirits Of The Dead†). As the â€Å"Father Of Horror† Poe loved to write about his feelings in a more, disturbing and haunting way. He wrote many great poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories; but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for writing and for much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name â€Å"Father Of Horror†. Edgar Allen Poe’s tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in â€Å"The Raven†. Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, Maryland (poetryfoundation.org). When Poe was only a year old both his parents split up, and because of that he never really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no memory of her(biography.com). After his mother’s death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biography.com). He lived in Richmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to attend the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adoptive father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to cover the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very broken individual that had been through an enormous amount of problems( biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldn’t be the poet he is known for today. As the â€Å"Father Of Horror† Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way; but also in a good way. Works Cited "Edgar Allan Poe Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Edgar Allan Poe." Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Welcome to PoeStories.com." Poestories. Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Edgar Allan Poe." : The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. "Spirits Of The Dead." Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. "The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe." The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014. Edgar Allan Poe Essay -- Edgar Allan Poe, Biography â€Å"The spirits of the dead, who stood, In life before thee, are again, In death around thee, and their will, Shall overshadow thee; be still†(â€Å"Spirits Of The Dead†). As the â€Å"Father Of Horror† Poe loved to write about his feelings in a more, disturbing and haunting way. He wrote many great poems about death, ghosts, and even some love stories; but in a twisted way. Poe had a deep love for writing and for much of his life could not share that with the world. Once he got into college, Poe started sharing his works with others. Soon he became famous and earned the name â€Å"Father Of Horror†. Edgar Allen Poe’s tragic life led to a fascination with the dark side which is certainly evident in â€Å"The Raven†. Edgar Allen Poe was a talented poet, who wrote many poems and books. Poe was born on January 19th 1809 in Boston Massachusetts(biography.com). He passed away on October 7th 1849, after being found unconscious in Baltimore, Maryland (poetryfoundation.org). When Poe was only a year old both his parents split up, and because of that he never really knew his father(biography.com). Also his mother passed away when he was only 3, so he had little to no memory of her(biography.com). After his mother’s death Poe had to live with a tobacco merchant and his wife(biography.com). He lived in Richmond, Virginia until he decided to leave to attend the University Of Virginia(biography.com). His adoptive father,John Allan, who he lived with when his mother passed, never gave him enough money to pay for all the costs of college(biography.com).Therefore Poe turned to gambling to cover the cost(biography.com). Poe was a very broken individual that had been through an enormous amount of problems( biography.com). When he came back home one time he discovered t... ... through great troubles all of his life, he still decided to share it with the world in the best way he could. Without his poems, Poe probably wouldn’t be the poet he is known for today. As the â€Å"Father Of Horror† Poe really brought his poems to life in a haunting and deeply saddening way; but also in a good way. Works Cited "Edgar Allan Poe Biography." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, 1996. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Edgar Allan Poe." Poets.org. Academy of American Poets, 1997. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Welcome to PoeStories.com." Poestories. Robert Giordano, 31 July 2005. Web. 03 Feb. 2014. "Edgar Allan Poe." : The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. Poe, Edgar Allan. "Spirits Of The Dead." Poemhunter.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. "The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe." The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014.