Strategy quality managment in SABIC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

System quality managment in SABIC - Essay Example Custom Technology Solutions (CTS, 2006) depict key administration as ‘a mix of methodology detailing and technique implementation’ (P.5). Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (SABIC), Saudi Arabia’s biggest company is a worldwide innovator in the production of synthetics, manures, plastics and steel. The Saudi government is the greater part investor with a 60 percent stake with the equalization of offers circulated among the Gulf Co-activity Council (GCC) nations of the Middle East. It has a significant nearness in Asia especially the Asia-Pacific district, North America, Europe and Africa notwithstanding the Arabian Peninsula [Figure 1] (Asia Pacific News, 2008). Built up in 1976, SABIC has an expansive scope of grouped product enveloping ‘basic and middle of the road synthetic substances, polymer tars and polyesters, manures, metals and mechanical gases - essential structure hinders for products’. These are found in the conglomerate’s 21 assembling firms utilizing more than 16,000 workers all around (Al-Abdulgader, 2007). The interest for petrochemical items has expanded comprehensively along these lines guaranteeing SABIC future development possibilities are brilliant being probably the biggest maker on the planet with a rich common source in Saud Arabia (Jaroudi, 2007). SABIC petrochemical creation has hence quadrupled in the course of the most recent fifteen years outperforming 45 million tons while targeting raising the creation to more than 100 metric tons by 2015 (Thomasson, 2007). The company’s development plans focuses on the rising Asian development economies of China and India. In China, the country’s colossal extension and improvement has implied it can't fulfill its need for polyolefin pitches along these lines requiring 34 percent imports, which puts the Chinese market on SABIC plan. As indicated by SABIC’s nation administrator for China, Lee Lam Lee,

Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds Example Problem

Anticipating Formulas of Ionic Compounds Example Problem This issue shows how to foresee the atomic equations of ionic mixes. Issue Anticipate the recipes of the ionic mixes shaped by the accompanying components: lithium and oxygen (Li and O)nickel and sulfur (Ni and S)bismuth and fluorine (Bi and F)magnesium and chlorine (Mg and Cl) Arrangement To begin with, take a gander at the areas of the components on the intermittent table. Iotas in a similar segment as one another (gathering) will in general display comparative attributes, including the quantity of electrons the components would need to pick up or lose to take after the closest respectable gas particle. To decide regular ionic mixes shaped by components, remember the accompanying: Gathering I particles (soluble base metals) have 1 charges.Group 2 particles (basic earth metals) have 2 charges.Group 6 particles (nonmetals) have - 2 charges.Group 7 particles (halides) have - 1 charges.There is no straightforward method to anticipate the charges of the change metals. Take a gander at a table posting charges (valences) for potential qualities. For starting and general science courses, the 1, 2, and 3 charges are regularly utilized. At the point when you compose the recipe for an ionic compound, recall that the positive particle is constantly recorded first. Record the data you have for the typical charges of the iotas and equalization them to answer the issue. Lithium has a 1 charge and oxygen has a - 2 charge, therefore2 Li particles are required to adjust 1 O2-ion.Nickel has a charge of 2 and sulfur has a - 2 charge, therefore1 Ni 2 particle is required to adjust 1 S2-ion.Bismuth has a 3 charge and Fluorine has a - 1 charge, therefore1 Bi3 particle is required to adjust 3 F-ions.Magnesium has a 2 charge and chlorine has a - 1 charge, therefore1 Mg2 particle is required to adjust 2 Cl-particles. Answer Li2ONiSBiF3MgCl2 The charges recorded above for iotas inside gatherings are the normal charges, yet you ought to know that the components some of the time take on various charges. See the table of the valences of the components for a rundown of the charges that the components have been known to expect.

Raymond’s Run Free Essays

Tort Cede Bombard Is an inspiring anecdote about a little youngster named Hazel and her younger sibling with unique needs. She understands that despite the fact that her triumph is an amazing accomplishment, there are things of significantly more Importance than winning the 50-yard run on Held Day. As I would like to think, Hazel encounters a transitioning second when she sees her more youthful sibling running nearby her from the opposite side of the fence, during her mark race. We will compose a custom article test on Raymond’s Run or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now In that Instant she makes It her objective to mentor Raymond to follow meet fame; she understands that welling implies more to him than Just another lace added to her assortment. â€Å"After all, Eve got a roomful of strips and decorations and grants. Be that as it may, what has Raymond got the opportunity to consider his own? † This statement represents the way that Hazel is becoming burnt out on taking all the wonder and she is beginning to perceive Raymond potential. Hazel can utilize her running abilities to help improve her brother’s running. In Hazel’s eyes it would be more inefficacy for her to utilize her abilities to mentor her sibling. Aiding Raymond increment his certainty and running capacity would bring enduring satisfaction into Hazel’s life. â€Å"I’m lumping here and there so happy to see him-my sibling Raymond, an incredible sprinter in the family convention. † Finally, Hazel discovers that sport isn’t just about rivalry yet in addition builds up companionships and makes character. Before the finish of the story, Hazel has a difference in heart and opens up to the possibility of Gretchen her opposition, being her reined. The statement toward the end is an ideal portrayal of how game can bring two totally various individuals together by discovering something in like manner, â€Å"And she gestures to salute me and afterward grins. Also, I grin. We remain with this enormous grin of regard between us. Also, it’s genuine. † Raymond Run is an amazing story that instructs us that game goes past the part of winning. From that solitary track and field competition meet, Hazel figures out how to utilize her abilities to profit others, regard and fortitude. Step by step instructions to refer to Raymond’s Run, Papers

The First Amendment free essay sample

A review of the ability to speak freely rights and the special cases administered by the Supreme Court. This paper inspects the ability to speak freely security directly as expressed in the First Amendment to the United States. The essayist gives a review of the significant exemptions to the First Amendment as controlled by the Supreme Court in issues, for example, restricting tobacco commercial and administering against free political discourse. In the start of our countries history, there was only a constitution. This archive did close to spread out the fundamental configuration that our administration should take: it would be separated into three branches, it would be chosen in such and such a way, and direct its business in this style or that. The whole plan of the legislature, with its division of intensity, and its restricted power over the states, was organized so it couldn't abbreviate the privileges of its residents. We will compose a custom article test on The First Amendment or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, our establishing fathers immediately understood that there was an issue with this game plan. While the facts previously demonstrated that the three branches would be responsible for each other, however what might occur if every one of the three chose to go into law infringement of the residents rights? By then, they put into the constitution various corrections deliberately made to restrict the legislature from disregarding the fundamental privileges of its residents. Among the absolute first of these unavoidable rights to be perceived to the Constitution was the privilege to the right to speak freely of discourse. The main change peruses: ?Congress will make no lawabridging the right to speak freely, or of the press? In any case, this privilege has been reliably disregarded and evaded all through American history. Most as of late, the primary Amendment has been disregarded by bans on Tobacco Advertising. Despite what one feels about smoking propensities or the lawful ut ilization of brain modifying substances, there are numerous reasons how and why these bans abuse first Amendment rights.

5 grammar skills you need to master for career success

5 punctuation abilities you have to ace for vocation achievement Regardless of what field you’re in, it’s likely that any given expected set of responsibilities calls for good relational abilities. At the highest priority on this rundown is ensuring your composition and talking aptitudes are first class. Let’s take a gander at a portion of the key sentence structure tips that make your discussion and resume are cleaned and proficient. 1. Use possessives correctly.This is one of the most successive syntactic mistakes. Continuously pause for a moment to ensure you’re utilizing the they’re and you’reâ contractions for they are and you are. Their and your are possessive pronouns. These errors are regularly the absolute most effortless to spot for a peruser, and they are so basic from individuals everything being equal and instruction levels. On the off chance that this is an issue that makes you apprehensive, one approach to maintain a strategic distance from this is to evade disarray by not utilizing constri ctions. It’s absolutely fine to explain you are.Rule of thumb: If you’re making a constriction, you ought to consistently have a punctuation. Possessive pronouns never have an apostrophe.2. Don’t talk in the third person.Sometimes we (imperial we) like to be additional formal in resumes or prospective employee meetings, since we need to introduce ourselves as profoundly stately experts. Oppose that encourage. Don’t go excessively casual (keep it proficient, consistently), yet it is completely alright to state â€Å"I† or â€Å"me,† and make it personal.Rule of thumb: You’re introducing yourself. You don’t need to take cover behind the third individual just to be fancy.3. Don’t use language or huge amounts of abbreviations.Jargon is very mainstream on resumes, since you need the peruser to realize that you comprehend the intricate details of an industry. You talk the discussion, with the goal that must meanâ you’r e an insider, isn't that so? Not so much. Rather, you risk killing perusers in the event that they don’t very get a similar wording, or if that language is hyper-explicit to, state, your present place of employment. It’s in every case better to keep things conventional. What's more, on the off chance that you do utilize contractions to spare space, ensure you illuminate it on the main use in your resume, introductory letter, email, etc.Rule of thumb: Simpler is better. You never know who’s reading.4. Don’t utilize pointless capitals.Like language or being excessively formal, additional capitals can be a brace when we need individuals to Know What We’re Talking About. You may think you’re giving accentuation that draws the reader’s eye and makes your composing simpler to peruse, however it extremely just entangles things unnecessarily.Rule of thumb: Only genuine formal people, places or things (names) ought to have capitals.5. Edit eve rything three times.I can’t underline this enough. We all are inclined to little mix-ups when we compose. This is particularly obvious when you’ve composed, revised, and altered a resume or introductory letter so often that you quit seeing what’s in it since you realize it so well. That’s unavoidably where the little mix-ups creep in. Assuming there is any chance of this happening, get a believed peruser to survey something official before you turn it in. Having an additional pair of eyes can assist you with spotting obtrusive spelling or punctuation blunders, and can likewise help guarantee that you’re sounding good to the reader.Rule of thumb: Do it. At that point do it once more.

How to select the best SAT Tutor

Many students prefer private tutors for SAT preparation. If you are also in that bunch, then you need to make sure that you select the best SAT tutor among those available. Do not get swayed by charismatic or authoritative tutors. Before you invest your time and money in private tutors, you need to consider the following factors: The test score of the SAT tutor: What good is a tutor who has himself not done well in the exam? You need to know whether the person teaching you understand the exam well. A smart tutor who has aced one of the more recently administered SATs is in a much better position to guide you through the preparation stage. Preparation approach: Before zeroing in on a tutor, you need to figure out the approach of the tutor. What will be their teaching style? Does he have his own notes or teaches through established study material? You need to make sure that the tutor fits in with your own style of preparation. Understanding: A good tutor is the one who asks questions about you and tries to understand your own abilities. He/she should be able to customize the study plan based on your own unique needs. Reccos: Related articles #SAT College Board,#SAT Score #RefundAugustSAT | Have my SAT Scores Been Compromised? 0 1044 #SAT College Board New SAT 2018-2019 - Dates and Deadlines 0 9115 # Meet Our SAT Leaderboard Toppers! 0 2298 #SAT Score Average SAT Scores At 10 Top Universities   0 0 #SAT College Board Where to find answer explanations for SAT Blue Book? 0 5535 Yes, recommendations matter. A good tutor will be able to share a list of previous clients. You can speak to these people and take feedback on the tutor. You can also speak to the clients who are currently preparing with the tutor. Apart from these four factors you need to take into account the number of students in the class, frequency of sessions, teaching location, cost of the program and makeup sessions, among others. Connect with a tutor on LEAP.

The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis - 1925 Words

The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and Lessons (Essay Sample) Content:  HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \o "Permanent Link to The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and Lessons" The 2007 to 2011 Financial Crisis Causes, Effects and LessonsTable of Contents  HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "Abstract" Abstract HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "Introduction" Introduction HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "1_Regulation_destabilized_the_financial_system" 1. Regulation destabilized the financial system HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "11_Residential_mortgage_boom_and_bust" 1.1 Residential mortgage boom and bust HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "2_Financial_collapse_and_economic_downturn" 2. Financial collapse and economic downturn HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "4_Lessons" 4. Lessons HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "Conclusion" Conclusion HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "Bibliography" Bibliography HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/" \l "Appendex" AppendixAbstractThis paper provides a brief examination of the immediate causes and effects of the 2007 financial crisis, as well as an overview of lessons learned from it. I conclude that failure to properly regulate and supervise financial insti tutions set the stage for the crisis, while the US residential mortgage boom and bust triggered it. A credit freeze, bankruptcies, and hundreds of billions in government rescue ensued, resulting in a general economic downturn. The legacy of the crisis should be seen as an opportunity to revise the financial system as a whole.  IntroductionThe financial crisis that started in 2007 is the result of complex, interconnected, and simultaneous developments. As such, I focus my analysis on the United States  and two distinct direct causes: (1) erroneous bank regulation – which destabilized the financial system – and (2) the pre-crisis real estate boom and bust. Whereas the former conditioned the crisis, the latter was its catalyst. In this brief essay, I discuss only the most important and immediate effects of the crisis – those that emerged between 2007 and 2012 – and discuss the conclusions that can be drawn accordingly.1. Regulation destabilized the finan cial systemRegulation of US banks by the Fed, SEC, and FDIC,  as well as other regulatory agencies, contributed significantly to the erosion of financial system stability (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.86). For example, in 1996, the Fed legitimized the use of Credit Default Swaps (CDS) as risk-hedging instruments (Levine 2010, p. 202, Appendix 1) and as a result many banks developed massive exposures (Figure 1) – AIG held over $500 billion in 2007 – while others were able to reduce their capital reserves by up to half in percentage terms (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.92).Figure 1: CDS market volume Q1 2001 to Q2 2007, trillion US$ HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/cds-market-volume-q1-2001-to-q2-2007-trillion-us/" 
  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (International Securities and Derivatives Association cited in Baily, Litan and Johnson, 2008)Another example is the SEC’s use of the â€Å"NRSRO† designation,  which led to a serious misalignment of credit rating agencies’ business incentives and resulted in inflationary provisions of investment-grade ratings for risky securities. This further deteriorated the viability of banks’ balance sheets (see Appendix 2).1.1 Residential mortgage boom and bustSimultaneously, the US residential real estate bubble (inspired by the assumption that housing prices would only go up) fueled excessive issuance of home mortgages (Figure 2). In turn, unsound lending practices, especially in sub-prime mortgage lending, bolstered housing prices by pushing demand, while filling institutions’ balance sheets with unrecognized risk (Barth 2009, p.92). The attractiveness of mortgages as â€Å"fail-safe† investments prompted many banks to shift their business model from â€Å"originate-to-hold† to â€Å"originate-to-sell†; instead of buying mortgages as an investment that generated a stea dy cash flow, banks securitized and sold them (Barth 2009, p.22). This effectively removed any incentive to analyze and control risk. However, this â€Å"out-of-sight-out-of-mind† mentality did not account for the fact that banks that securitized mortgages and invested in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) were often identical. Thus, risk was absent from balance sheets, but implicitly present in securities holdings (Appendix 3).Figure 2: SP-Shiller housing prices index (monthly), January 2001 to August 2012 HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/sp-shiller-housing-prices-index-monthly-january-2001-to-august-2012/" 
(Standard Poor’s Financial Services LLC, 2012)The convoluted system of securitization faltered when housing prices started to decline and mortgage borrowers defaulted (Figure 3). This dried up the cash flow of mortgage-backed securities and made them virtually worthless; banks that relie d on them to meet their obligations encountered trouble. Moreover, complex securitization practices made the extent of any one institution’s exposure anyone’s guess. Since, no one could be certain which banks would live to see another day, interbank lending froze. In short, not only did financial institutions possess worthless assets, but they were also unable to bridge shortages in cash (Figure 4).  In addition, mass defaults activated billions of dollars in CDS obligations and bankrupted all who were over-exposed.Figure 3: Increase of delinquency rates (percent) of subprime loans between 2003 and 2007 HYPERLINK "http://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/increase-of-delinquency-rates-percent-of-subprime-loans-between-2003-and-2007/" 
(Arentsen, Mauer, Rosenlund, Zhang and Zhao, 2012, p.39)Figure 4: Increase of the Federal Funds rate (percent, monthly) indicates interbank lending crisis HYPERLINK "http://writ epass.com/journal/2013/01/the-2007-to-2011-financial-crisis-causes-effects-and-lessons/increase-of-the-federal-funds-rate-percent-monthly-indicates-interbank-lending-crisis/" 
(Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2012)2. Financial collapse and economic downturnThe immediate effects of the crisis are well known. Banks previously considered untouchable filed for bankruptcy (e.g. Lehmann Brothers), while others were acquired (Merrill Lynch by Bank of America), bailed-out, or taken over by the government (AIG and the GSEs Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac). Soon, the credit freeze affected the remaining economy as financing investments and borrowing became increasingly difficult. For example, between 2007 and 2009, approximately 8.8 million American jobs disappeared, U.S. GDP fell by more than five percent from its pre-recession peak (Treasury 2012), and the SP 500 lost about 57 percent of its value (Lleo and Ziemba, 2011). Perhaps most famously, without governmental assistance, American auto mobile manufacturers GM and Chrysler would have become insolvent (Stewart 2012). Yet another legacy cost is the enormous government debt that resulted from rescues and other economic resuscitation programs (Barth 2009).The crisis spread internationally (and most damagingly to Europe) because substantial loan derivatives were sold abroad. This does not imply that the U.S. is to blame for the crisis; every government had access to the same information as Fed, SEC, and FDIC, yet nearly all failed to recognize and address the systemic problem (Cox, Faucette and Lickstein, 2010).4. LessonsMostly importantly, the crisis exposed the colossal failure of bank regulators,  and prompted a fundamental restructuring of banking regulation (such as the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act). In addition, the excessive complexity and behemoth size of the financial system have come under intense scrutiny. An important question has emerged from this examination, which asks, considering TARP, are some financial insti tutions â€Å"too big to fail?† (Greeley 2012). Moreover, the crisis has spawned a reexamination of the desirability of â€Å"laissez-faire† within the financial markets – that is, to what degree can market forces be relied upon to avert crises (Barth, Caprio and Levine, 2012, p.90)?  ConclusionThe financial crisis that began in 2007 still troubles us today. While some financial institutions have collapsed, those that remain have had to fundamentally rethink their role as credit providers. Governments were left with tremendous financial commitments, tasked with deconstructing the moral hazard of bank bailouts, and with regulating and supervising the financial system more efficiently. History has shown us that financial crises are a cyclical occurrence. Thus the question must be, can the cycle be broken, or is the next crisis waiting in the wings?  BibliographyArentsen, E., Mauer, D.C., Rosenlund, B., Zhang, H.H., Zhao, F., 2012. Subprime Mortgage Defaults an d Credit D...

New Mexico National Parks Pueblo History, Unique Geology

Ronald Reagan Leadership - 808 Words

There are many definitions of a leader and how their leadership skills can be described. One of the theories developed to study leadership is trait approach. Also known as great man theories, it was developed to explain how traits influenced leadership. This theory suggested that certain people were born with special traits that made them great leaders. (Bass,1990; Jago,1982). For this applied leadership mini paper I chose Ronald Reagan as my leader. Through this paper I would like to enlighten how the Trait approach theory helps me to analyze him as a successful leader. â€Å"In his lifetime, Ronald Reagan was such a cheerful and invigorating presence that it was easy to forget what daunting historic tasks he set himself. He sought to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.† ― Ronald Reagan References: DSouza, Dinesh. Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader. New York: Touchstone, 1997. Print. Bates. M. (2002, May23). Ronald Reagan- A real leader with real legacy. [Online document]. Retrieved from [http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/687263/posts] McCarthy.D (2008, February19). Ten leadership lessons from Ronal Reagan. [Online document, blog]. Retrieved from [http://www.greatleadershipbydan.com/2008/02/ten-leadership-lessons-from-ronald.html] Childers, Dennis. The World Desperately Requires Leaders like President Reagan. Yahoo! Contributor Network., 4 Sept. 2007. Web. 18 Oct. 2012. [http://voices.yahoo.com/the-world-desperately-requires-leaders-like-president-513016.html?cat=9]. Connerly, W. (2000). American Civil Rights Institute. Ronald Reagan Lecture Series. Retrieved from http//:ACRI NEWS -Remarks by Ward Connerly, at Ronald Reagan Lecture Series, Ronald Reagan PresidentialShow MoreRelatedLeadership Qualities Of Ronald Reagan1629 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership Of Ronald Reagan When looking for an individual with very clear management styles as well as leadership skills that made a significant impact on both the United States and internationally, the first person that came to mind was Ronald Reagan. Not everyone can be both a manager with the ability to direct successfully and a leader with extraordinary proficiencies, but Reagan had the gift. It is not so hard to find a manager with leadership qualities or to find leaders with effective managerialRead MoreThe Leadership Styles of John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose and the intent of this paper are to compare and contrast the leadership styles and scope of influence of two historical leaders. 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Manchus and Qing Dynasty Essay Example

Essays on Manchus and Qing Dynasty Essay The paper "Manchus and Qing Dynasty" is a good example of an essay on history. The areas of Asia, Russia, and Europe all underwent transitions in ruling during the times of the mid-1600s leading right up to the 1800s. The Chinese had a strong ruling with the emperors of the Qing dynasty and it led to the west, joining the Russian Empires and Central Asia while the British too were expanding. Many varying factors led to the expansion of all of these areas were subject to growth, change, commercialism, trade, military influence, interactions throughout the different cultures socially and control over the land territories that had previously not been occupied prior to expansion.   The Qing Empire began its development in 1636 and carried until 1783. Manchu rules had overtaken China and the Empire began to expand larger than any other group of people that currently lived on that land. This made the Qing emperors extremely influential in the decisions that were made in that vicinity. Some of the people tried to get along with the emperors that had helped to expand and keep it peaceful by following their policies and the Great Wall served as a division for many of these people. The Russians eventually were expanding into Central Asia and it created problems between those that fought for the religions to which they were each devoted. Trade increased between China and Europe, especially due to Chinese handmade silk. During this time, Russia was expanding due to its fur-trapping territory. Art, fashion and luxurious lifestyles also became predominant as Russia grew under the influence of Catherine the Great who married into a Russian royal family. The British also b ecame more commercialized and some of the customs that they had picked up in Asia were also integrated into their own lives such as playing polo and smoking from a hookah. Each of these expansions created cross-cultural socialization that still held its own original cultures intact.

Technology s Impact On Healthcare - 1227 Words

It’s the twelfth of April 2017. A nursing student sits inside an average home. The lights are brightly lit. A computer sits atop the student’s lap. A television is across the room. A cellular phone is nearby. In the kitchen there are many appliances. These are everyday pieces of technology present these days. Technology is defined as â€Å"the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subjects as industrial arts, engineering, applied science, and pure science.† (Dictionary) As a nursing student, one may ponder how technology will impact healthcare. Technology drastically impacts healthcare. There are numerous angles to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Recent advances in imaging technology -- like CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, and other techniques -- have had a huge impact on the diagnosis and treatment of disease. More detailed imaging is allowing doctors to see things in new ways. Imaging can provide early and more accurate diagnoses. In some cases, it might even lead to better and more successful treatment.† (WebMD) Wireless communication is another imperative piece of technology that has a huge impact on healthcare. How is wireless communication used? â€Å"The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century and wireless communication technology has developed over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important mediums of transmission of information from one device to other devices.† (elprocus) It’s rarel y thought of these days to be without some sort of form of wireless communication. Wireless communication is possible through radio waves. Some forms of wireless communication include broadcast radio, satellite, Wi-Fi, GPS, etc which can be used with a cell phone, lap top, television, printer, among various other items. The importance of wireless communication is big. 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Achieve Effective Overall Corporate Strategies

Question: Do organizations need to concentrate on distinguishing leadership from management to Achieve Effective Overall Corporate Strategies?" To determine which leadership style or management style is beneficial for organization to achieve corporate strategies. To access the perception held about different styles of leadership. It will particularly investigate gender based differentiation of leadership. Answer: Introduction Management is a process that keeps the company running. It is mainly about planning; making budget; analysing the performance and making decision to certain issues faced by the organization. However, leadership is different as it aims to align people towards the vision through communication; motivation and inspiration. Leadership can be distinguished from management in many ways. Managers have a position of authority and its subordinates do according to the instruction of the managers (Bolman and Deal 2014). The focus of the management is mainly on the work, i.e. to get things done on time and with specific budget. They are mostly risk averse to avoid possible conflict (Schoenly 2012). Leaders do not have authoritarian control. They have followers and leaders do not instruct, the activity of following is voluntary. The focus of the leadership is on the people. Their personality influences the people and they create loyalty for themselves. They maintain a degree of separation and stay aloof from people (Mujtaba 2013). Unlike managers, the leaders are risk-seeking. It can be questioned that since the roles are just opposite in these two cases, an organization might distinguish them in order to achieve overall corporate strategies. An organization run effectively when it balances between management and leadership. However, in spite of being distinct concepts, there is an overlap between the skills required by a manager and leader. They must go on hand in hand. It is believed that separating these two will create more problem for the organization. In the past, workers of the industrial factory used to do whatever they were asked to do and emphasizes on their job and efficiency (Tannenbaum, Weschler and Massarik 2013). However, in the current and modern business practices, leadership and management cannot be separated. This is because, managers not only allocate task but also define the purpose of the task. Moreover, they not only increase the efficiency of the employee but also emphasises on their skills and inspired result. The leadership is a continuous process. Through leadership change takes place in an organization (Aaker 2012). It can take place at every hierarchical level of any department. It has been found that leadership has major impact on the long term business performance. It is evident that, management and leadership is hard to distinguish. This is because; the managers of the high performing companies build leadership development program in order to support and train people who are capable of driving the business of the company (DuBrin 2015). They execute the leadership development. High performing firms believe that CEO alone cannot be the leader alone; leadership should be executed at each level of the firm. Therefore, even if the approaches of these two phenomenon is opposite, the direction is same. Leadership needs to be collaborative between and within the company, which requires further involvement of the management (Balmer, Brexendorf and Kernstock 2013). The managers are responsible for promoting the culture of leadership into a company. Within the management team also, innovation and creativity are necessary. Moreover, the leadership helps to improve th e employee morale, which enables the managers to function properly and execute their plan. Hence, managers need to have people with excellent leadership style to make their strategy work properly (Giacaloneand Rosenfeld 2013). The rationale of the research is to find out whether it is necessary to focus on leadership separately from management in order to achieve overall corporate strategy. With growing importance of leadership behind the success of an organization, it is often opined by the scholars that there should be separate leadership within the organization to run the organization effectively and efficiently (Schaubroeck 2012). The research also focuses on different leadership style and gender-based discrimination of leadership. The purpose of this research is to answer the research questions that are formulated based on the research objectives. Research Objectives: To determine which leadership style or management style is beneficial for organization to achieve corporate strategies. To access the perception held about different styles of leadership. It will particularly investigate gender based differentiation of leadership. To understand the preferred leadership style of the leaders and the preferred way employees want to be led. Research Questions: Which leadership style is beneficial for the organization in achieving corporate strategies? Which leadership style is most preferred by the employees? What is the perception held about the different style of leadership to the leaders of organizations? How do the leadership style vary across the leaders? Overview of the Chapters: The following sections consist of review of the literature; research methodology; data analysis and the conclusion and recommendations. In Chapter 2, the theory of the leadership will be discussed. It will explain the different types of leadership and its qualities to make a business efficient. The differences between the management andleadership will also be reviewed in this section. This section will also discuss the gender based discrimination in leadership. The findings and outcome of different researches helps to refine the research questions and objective of this project. Based on the literature review, the direction of the research will be formulated. In Chapter 3, the methodology of this research work will describe. The method of data collection and types of data will be evaluated in this section. The approach; design; philosophy of the research will be analysed in this section in order to achieve the research objectives. Chapter 4 is the crucial part of the project, as this directly aims at answering the research questions. The collected information or data will be analysed to get an outcome that verifies whether leadership should be separated from the management to achieve effectivecorporate strategies. The data will be collected with the help of questionnaire. In Chapter 5, the research will draw a conclusion based on the findings in the data analysis section. Moreover, in this section the it will be verified whether the findings of the research work are similar with that of the reviewed literature. This section will also emphasize on proposing recommendations regarding the requirement of distinguishing leadership from the management of an organization. Chapter 2: Literature Review Introduction This section of the assignment will concentrate on the different leadership styles and difference between management and leadership. It is essential for the organizations to develop leadership styles in order to achieve overall effective corporate strategies. Defining the role of leadership and management is essential for the research. Leaders are the ones that possess qualities to lead the team. Leaders are entitled with great set of responsibilities. They have the responsibility of managing the entire the team and work group in an organization. There are very few factors that differentiate management from leadership (Bowerman and Van Wart 2014). There are certain leadership traits that the managers should have in order to effectively run the business. These include managing the staff efficiently, power to strategize the business and direct people to work better. Its not only essential for the managers to have leadership traits but every member of the corporate firm should have uniq ue leadership style to run the corporate system efficiently (Northouse 2015). There are various leadership theories such as behavioral theories, situational leadership, transactional leadership and transformational leadership that are used in various organizations. Inefficient leaders can ruin and hamper the organization in negative way. Leadership qualities, styles, difference between management and leadership and the leadership theories that are used in organizations are discussed in this part of the research. It is essential to understand that whether leadership plays important role in organization or not (Chhokaret al. 2013). Leadership Leadership is a quality to lead the entire team in an organization towards achievement of goals and objectives. A leader is the one who creates a vision for future, motivates employees to work better and build a team for efficient business. The leadership traits and theories are based on values, power, vision, behaviour, situational interaction and function behaviour. Leadership styles and qualities vary for different organizations and people but all the leaders have one thing in common that is the ability to inspire and motivate employees to work hard and better. There are various qualities that the leaders should possess in order to run the business efficiently (Beck and Cowan 2014). Some people are born as leaders while some need training and grooming to enhance the leadership skills of individuals. It is the duty of leaders to take an entire responsibility of the team. It is a position of power that is held by an individual to motivate workers to achieve goals set by the organiza tion. A leader is distinguishable from other individuals in the form of power, knowledge, charisma, formal authority and personality characteristic. Personality characteristics include communication skills, skills to dominate, motivational skills and power to make decisions. Leadership plays an important role in an organization. These include effective direction, motivation, confidence, encouraging team spirit and encouraging initiative for the followers. Leadership style and management style differs in organizations (Bryman 2013). Leadership qualities for efficient business There are several qualities that an individual should possess to become a leader and run an efficient business. The qualities that make a great leader are as follows: Focus and vision- A leader should have a clear focus on the plan and set a future goal so that it can set a path to achieve it. A leader is the one who one who makes unpopular decisions. Leaders should be less distracted than the competition. Setting a clear vision for oneself is also important. This is the quality that separates leaders from managers (Ahmed and Bach 2014). Courage- leaders are the ones who have courage to take risks to achieve goals with no assurance of success. A leader is the one who is ready to take risk in his business. For this a leader should have courage to accomplish its goals. Integrity- a leader should be honest and truthful in its work. Honesty is the key to success. It also helps in building trust (Bryant and Kazan 2013). Confidence- a leaser should have confidence in whatever it does. It should have a confidence to set a clear vision and take up challenges that comes in their path. Cooperation- leaders are the ones that set a team and work with them. Hence, it is the responsibility of the leaders to cooperate with its team members and work for better future. Gaining cooperation with others is essential to get commitment. A cooperative team is a successful team (Bryant and Kazan 2013). Inspiration- inspiring and motivating others to work hard and achieve goal is important. A leader should be able to inspire it employees and keep them motivated to work hard so that they are able to accomplish the goals. Patience- patience is the most important tool that a leader should have. The direction of achievement of goals is tough and is not always easy to achieve. Hence the leaders should be patient in its course of work (Wang et al. 2013). Communication- Communication is one of the most effective tools for effective business. A leader should have good communication skill. It should be clear in its communication with its team mates and others. Expressing the ideas and strategies is essential quality of a leader (Ahmed and Bach 2014). Communication is a balancing act. Working with team in collaboration is essential. Expressing thoughts and ideas is essential for an effective business. Leadership styles Leadership styles are a style that a leader adopts to provide direction, implement plans, motivate people and accomplish its goals. There are various leadership styles suggested by various authors. The leadership styles that are most effective are as follows: Authoritarian- authoritarian leadership style is used to distinguish between leaders and its team members. An authoritarian leader maintains only a professional relationship with its followers. An authoritarian leader believes in direct supervision and maintaining efficiency. Example of authoritarian leader is a teacher guiding and ordering the student to do a particular work. The authoritarian traits are setting the goal individually, use of one way and downward communication in its leadership style, control the interaction with its followers and dominate its employees (Menget al. 2012). Authoritarian type of leadership style is only successful in organizations that have a professional working where all the employees work and there is not much interaction. Authoritarian type of leadership often leads to conflict when dealing with disagreement. Paternalistic- a paternalistic leader is the one that take care of its subordinates as a parent. The leader shows concern for his employees in return he gets trust, loyalty and commitment. The main disadvantage of this type of leadership style is of favouritism where the leaders start to play favourites decision. Leaders adopt the workers that are loyal and favour them in comparison to the ones that are less loyal. Paternalistic leadership style is not favourable in todays organization due to the professional behaviour and decorum that the organizations hold (Mller et al. 2012). The other reason for disfavouring paternalistic style of leadership is increase in number of layoffs and stronger unionization. The advantage of following paternalistic leadership style is that the leaders have better organizational skills. They have the power to encourage and motivate the employees to work better. The employees know that they have something stored at the end of the tunnel due to which they c oncentrate on working hard for the organization and accomplishing its goals (Siewioreket al. 2012). Democratic- democratic leadership style is the one where the leaders the power of decision making with its subordinates. The implication is to allow the involvement of employees in its organizational working. Though the democratic leadership styles involve subordinates in decision making still a specific leader is essential for guidance and control. It is the responsibility of the leader to decide which member in the group should be given a particular responsibility. Research shows that the democratic leadership style is the most effective leadership style as it contributes to higher productivity and increased group morale (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Better idea is generated and shared because this type of leadership style encourages involvement of members in decision making. The disadvantages of this type of leadership style are communication failure and incomplete projects where the situations are unclear. It is also a time consuming technique as it involves large group of people in decision making (Vaccaro et al. 2012). Laissez-faire- it is that type of leadership style where all the power is given to its workers. It is a self-rule where the workers have complete decision making at the same time providing guidance and support on request. This type of leadership style is only effective if the follower is highly skilled and educated and has a great pride in their work. The followers should also be trustworthy and experienced. It is essential to provide a feedback to leaders on a regular basis (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). Transactional - transactional leadership style is a style where the leaders motivate the followers to work hard. The motivational tools that are mainly used are system of rewards and punishment so that the followers are able to accomplish the goals set by the organization. There are two types of system that forms the basis of transactional leadership style that are contingent reward and management by exception. Contingent reward is system where the members are provided rewards for effort and good performance. Management by exception is a process where the management interferes with the members only if the followers are not performing well. Transactional leadership is guided with emotions (Chaudhry and Javed 2012). It is negative when emotions are high and positive when emotion is low. It is a form of strategic leadership that is essential for innovation. Transformational- the main aim of the transformational leadership is to change or transform the needs of the organizations or members. Transformational leadership is challenging in nature that requires creating a clear vision (Avolio and Yammarino 2013). Difference between leadership and management Leaders and managers have differences in them that is essential for corporate efficiency. Leadership and management should go hand in hand. Management and leadership are complementary in nature and linked to each other. Leaders and managers have different roles and responsibilities. The main responsibility of the leaders is to set clear vision and focus for its work while the responsibility of the managers is to manage employees and resources in an efficient way (Choudharyet al. 2013). Leaders have people following them while managers have people who work for them. The main leadership styles of leaders are transformational, consultative and participative in nature while the leadership style of managers is authoritative, transactional, autocratic and democratic in nature (Kodattet al. 2014). The responsibility of the manager is to administer the services while the responsibility of the leader is to innovate. The work of the leader is original while the work of a manager is a copy. Leaders create change while the managers react to these changes. The ideas that the mangers have generated are implemented by the leaders. The main focus of leaders is on people while the main focus of manager is on system and administration (Van Dierendoncket al. 2014). The responsibility of the management is to communicate while the leaders persuade.Leaders create teams and manager directs groups. Managers are risk averse in nature while the leaders are risk takers. Managers often are do minant in nature and exercise power over people while leaders work with people and develop power with them (Kodattet al. 2014). The actual work is done by leaders while the credit is taken by manager. The focus of the leader is to manage people while the focus of the manager is to manage work. The horizon of the leaders is for a long term perspective and the horizon the manager is short term in nature (Snaebjornsson and Edvardsson 2013). Managers are the ones who put blames on subordinates for underperformance, while the leaders are the one who takes the blame on themselves and vows to achieve target. The main outcome of the leaders is achievement and the outcome of managers is results. The personality styles of the leaders are brilliant with great charisma. They are comfortable taking risks and effective decisions. The personality style of managers is rational in nature and they are the problem solvers (Du et al. 2013). The main focus of the managers is on the goals of the organiza tion and uses the available resources effectively and efficiently. Gender and Leadership Leadership style of female and male re different in nature. Some authors view that the leadership style between men and women are same while some say that its opposite. The main difference between the leadership styles of men and women are that males adopt transactional leadership style while women adopt transformational leadership style. Women do not prefer hierarchical form of organization structure (Merchant 2012). Glass ceiling is a widely used concept to define the gender based leadership style. Women are usually not preferred in a higher position due to lack of human capital and gender discrimination. The reasons for low rate of women in higher position are high amount of domestic responsibility, less work experience, and different leadership styles and informal roles that women hold. The glass ceiling is changing with the advancement of works and more people gaining knowledge (Clarke 2013). The number of labor force of participation is increasing due to changes in business culture and the thinking of women themselves. The differences between men and women in form of leadership styles are that men are said to be more confident than women especially while making decisions related to finance that are risky in nature. Women are said to be more emotional where the actions taken by them are often guided by emotions. Women are greater social risk takers that are mainly due to greater social uncertainty (Chaturvediet al. 2012). The profits generated by men are higher than women as the decision power making is stronger in case of men than women. Conclusion and recommendation Hence, leaders are the ones that inspire its subordinated to achieve goals and objectives set by the organization. There are several qualities that make a good leader. Leadership style is said to differ in men and women. Different leadership styles is said to have its unique advantages and disadvantages. It is essential to distinguish between leaders and management in order to ensure corporate efficiency. Leaders and managers are complementary in nature and work hand in hand. It is essential for the managers to have a good leadership style in order to achieve an efficient outcome. The main work of the leaders is to implement the plan set by the manager Chapter 3: Research Methodology Introduction Research methodology overlays the path for the researchers to decide the way the research will be carried out. This section will evaluate the type of investigation. Research methodology take into account the research questions and will follow various methods to conduct the research. According to Allison et al. (2016), research methodology helps to understand the critical areas that will help to develop the research work. The researchers must be able to use the right methods and proper process in order to have the desired outcome. The selection of correct research approach is solely up to the researchers. The researchers choose the design of the research in order to obtain correct results. The data collection method of this chapter is of major importance. The sampling method depends on the researchers as they will decide the number of participants(Hancock and Algozzine 2015). The data analysis tool must be appropriate with respect to the collected data and it must be done in a way no variation of outcome takes place. Moreover, the research must consider the ethical views so that participants can trust the researchers (Pickard 2012). In the following sub-sections, the research philosophy (or, type of investigation); research design; research approach; data collection; sampling; method of data analysis and ethical part of the project will be discussed. Research Philosophy It is important to decide the type of the data, which is suitable for the research purpose. They decide whether to belief on the facts and data, or to consider human interest and emphasizes on significances rather than hard data. There are three types of investigations available to the researchers; such asPositivism; Interpretivism and Realism (Mkansi and Acheampong 2012). Positivism takes into account the facts; data and the figures that are relevant to the study. It depends more on the statistics that are collected through survey or sampling, rather than the human emotions. This is because; the researcher wants to know the exact values to analyse the exact circumstances. The data are not influenced by any other factor; hence, the outcome of the research can be predicted by the researchers (Walliman 2015). Interpretivism considers the human emotions and personal beliefs. It takes into account the social issues and individual thought process, i.e. the way the respondents are feeling about the certain matter. Statistical measures cannot be calculated some of the human bindings that affect the actual outcome. Hence, interpretivism is important in this context. However, some researchers consider both interpretivism and positivism (Rose, Spinks and Canhoto2014). This kind of philosophy of the researchers is known as Realism. According to them, facts and data are required in order to have desired outcome; and emotions of the people and the way the human beings think is important for conducting a research. This type of investigation is suitable when researchers want to evaluate the emotional attachment of the people along with the obtained data. In this paper, the research follows philosophy of Positivism. This is because, this research will take into account the facts and figures that has been collected through sampling and it also takes into account the human emotion. The research reviews the general theories to verify their validity. Therefore, this research philosophy is positivist. Research Approach The researcher must decide up on the approach of the research. It can test some hypothesis based on given theory or can formulate new theory from the analysis of data. There are two types of research approaches; such as, Inductive and Deductive. In the deductive approach, hypothesis is formulated depending upon the existing theory. These hypotheses are tested with proper research strategy and the theory is verified, which means that it checks the validity of the theory (Bryman 2015).The hypotheses are tested based on the observation. Research objectives can be achieved through deductive approach. Deductive approach focuses on causality. It is concerned with deducting conclusions from the propositions. In contrast, the inductive approach is followed when the researcher wants to give answer to some specific questions that have been formulated during the beginning of the research process. This starts with specific observations and formulate theory at the end of the research process (Bab bie 2015). Inductive approach does not indicate disregarding of theories; it focuses on obtaining meaning from the collected information to recognize the patterns and association to build a theory. The research objective of this kind of research is formulated from the existing theories. The type of research question in this case is open-ended and type of the research cannot be understood until the study is completed (Gray 2013). Researchers have no preliminary idea about the nature of the research until the research is completed. No theory is applied at the beginning of this kind of research. The approach of this research is inductive in nature. This is because; research questions have been formulated on the beginning of the study. Based on these questions the rest of the research will be conducted. Since, the research is not testing existing theories, it is open minded. After observing and analysing data it will try to establish some theory while answering the research questions. Research Design The researchers must decide how he or she will carry forward and design the research Work. The research design can be of three types: exploratory; explanatory and descriptive research. The exploratory research does not test any hypothesis. It evaluates different kind of theories and literatures available that are relevant to the research (Brymanand Bell 2015). It tries to provide conclusive evidence, however, it does not provide the final information, rather it explores range of causes and solution to any particular problem. Moreover, this kind of research design only focuses on answering the research questions. Exploratory research is conducted where little or no research has been conducted. The research design is explanatory when it follows natural rule of the society. It identifies the cause and effect relationship. It might or might not conclude a finding at the end of research, because; the findings depend on the situation of the surrounding as the research is conducted based on the variables selected for the research (Yin 2013). The results of research may change due to the chosen factor variables. Explanatory research is conducted when the study wants to assess impacts of certain situation. Descriptive research work attempts to describe the current situation with the help of relevant data analysis. This kind of research design conduct researches based on the hypothesis. This research is exploratory in nature. The purpose of this research is to answer the research questions. In order to do so, the paper explores the relevant literatures that can assist in understanding the concepts. The paper will try to explore the possible causes of the obtained outcome and may not provide any conclusion. Data Collection The data are of two types, namely, primary data and secondary data. Primary data are those that are collected by the researchers themselves. Generally, primary data can be obtained with the help of survey; interview or questionnaire. This kind of data is not published before. Primary data is collected through sampling. The secondary data are those data, which are already used or have been found in the other researches. It can be collected from different journal articles; websites; books; newspaper etc. (Panneerselvam 2014).A research can be based entirely on the secondary data. It is collected for critically analysis and answering the research questions. However, theoretical information can also be considered as secondary data for a research work. This is analysed in depth in the literature review. The secondary data must be selected on the basis of validity and reliability to get an authentic outcome of the research. The previously used data, i.e. the secondary data can be scrutiniz ed in order to check validity of previous findings (Marshall and Rossman 2014). In order to get the outcome regarding the leadership preferences, this research has conducted primary data collection. Primary data has been collected through survey method. Questionnaire will be distributed among the sample group. Based on the information provided in this survey, the research has been conducted. Moreover, since the research is exploratory in nature, it is important to collect information from the different journal articles or books. Therefore, secondary information is also used. Research Method It is important to decide the method of the research, based on which the entire research will be conducted. There are two types of data that can be used while doing a research work. Data can be of quantitative and qualitative in nature (Creswell 2013). Quantitative research method includes numerical data. The information collected are in the form of numbers. These data are then mathematically analysed and the research involves statistical analysis. Here, different variables are critically analysed. In contrast, the qualitative research method does not incorporate any numerical values and thus the data are discrete in nature (Silverman 2016). In this kind of research method individual measures are developed in order to analyse the primary data or any secondary information. The primary data can also be quantity or qualitative in nature. A research can take into account both quantitative and qualitative data together. This research will conduct quantitative analysis from the extracted data. However, the collected answers through the questionnaire are not in numerical values. The responses have been scaled between 1 to 5 to transform it into quantitative data.This paper also considers demographic data like gender and age. Outline of data analysis Analysing the data is the major part of a research. Be it primary or secondary or qualitative or quantitative, the data must be analysed properly. Quantitative data are analysed with the help of statistical tools. The qualitative data can also be analysed through theoretical knowledge and interpret an inference by analysing the surroundings. Moreover, qualitative data such as gender etc. can be transformed into quantitative data by assigning them as dummy variables. This helps to make the outcome of qualitative data more authentic with mathematical support. The qualitative data are generally obtained through interview; observations; case studies etc.The most common statistical tool, to identify the relationship between the variables, is regression and correlation analysis. The data are also analysed by finding the mean; median and mode. Hypothesis can be tested by checking the significance level. The qualitative data often used to support the findings from the quantitative data. The qualitative data can be analysed through SWOT; PESTLE etc. (Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler 2014). In this research, the collected information will be analysed with the help of statistical tools. It will focus on answering the research questions and will adopt proper statistical measures to obtain the results. Data analysis The collected data from the survey had undergone various statistical operations to analyse the data and find the solution of the research questions. The analysis showed that there were 63 male leaders and 37 female leaders in the survey. It was also seen that the age group of most of the leaders were between 56- 65 years old. 29 leaders were of the age group 46 55 years of age and 18 leaders were above 65 years of age. This can be interpreted that the leaders are quite experienced in their work due to their age. They can use this experience for the betterment of their company and leading the employees in the right path. The analysis shows that as a leader, 37 leaders agreed, An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative. 33 leaders highly agreed to this fact and 12 leaders were neutral in their consent to this fact. 13 leaders disagreed to the fact that An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative while 5 of them highly disagreed to it. This shows that the leaders preferred that their employees must be allowed to exhibit initiative so that the employees get motivated to do their work. The result also shows that the 38 leaders highly agreed and agreed to the fact that An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things. 19 of them were neutral in their views while two leaders disagreed to this fact. Three leaders highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders want their employees to have the power to do handle their work. The leaders do not want to interfere in the work of the employees and they have high expectation from their employees. The leaders wish to provide full support to their employees so that they can use innovative and better approach to do their work. The analysis showed that three leader highly agreed to the fact that they get impatient when their team members struggle with their work. Seven leaders agreed to this fact while 24 of them were neutral in their approach. 41 leaders disagreed to the fact they get impatient when their team members struggle with their work while 25 leaders highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the leaders have high leadership qualities. This is because most of the leaders do not get impatient when their team members are in trouble. It could be seen that leaders provide complete support to their employees so that they can complete their work efficiently. The leaders are found to be cool minded people who do not get impatient when they find their team members struggling with their work. It can be interpreted that the leaders provide every support to their employees when they struggle with their work. This helps them to grow as a team by building a better relationship with the employees. It was found that 37 leaders disagreed to the fact that their perspectives and convictions are less important than those of their team are while 22 leaders highly disagreed to this fact. 20 leaders remained neutral to this fact, 15 leaders agreed to this fact while six leaders highly agreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a dictatorship attitude towards their employees, as most of the leaders believe that their perspective and convictions are more important than their team members are. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a strong attitude and influence with the higher authorities and they have innovative and approach towards their work. It can also be interpreted that the leaders do not believe in the perspective and convictions of their team members as they lead their team in a better way on giving importance to their own perspectives and convictions. On analysing the variable, If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it, it was seen that 35 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 47 of them agreed to this fact while 15 of them remained neutral to it. Two leaders were found to disagree to the fact while one of them highly disagreed to the fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders were always ready to help their employees and they personally take up the task of their employees when the employees fall behind with an undertaking. This can be interpreted that the leaders take good care of their employees and they do not let the employees fall into trouble. The analysis of the variable, On the one off chance that my team commits an error this would not put me off have showed that 33 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 41 of them agreed to it, 12 leaders were neutral to this fact and 10 leaders disagreed to the fact. 4 of them highly disagreed to the fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders have a soft corner for their employees. They do not get angry and when their team commits error. Instead, they try to help the team members and help them to solve their problems. On analysing the variable , I find advice from peers difficult to accept, it was seen that 7 leaders highly agreed to this fact, 12 leaders agreed to it, 24 were neutral in their views, 35 disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the leaders welcome the advice from their peers for the betterment of their team members and their team. They do not find it difficult to accept the advice from their peers. On analysing the variables of the employees it was seen that the age of most of the employees were between 18 to 25 years and 26 to 35 years. The employees were found to be a young bunch of people who have innovative ideas and creative approach to their work. It was seen that there were 52 male employees and 48 females employees surveyed for the research. The analysis showed that 46 employees highly agreed to the fact that they prefer to be allowed to exhibit initiative, 37 of them highly agreed to it while 7 of them remained neutral. 6 employees disagreed to it and 4 of them highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the employees are highly dedicated to their work and they prefer to work efficiently by taking initiatives for their work. 34 employees highly agreed to find a better approach while doing things, 33 employees agreed to this fact, 15 of them remained neutral, 12 of them disagreed while 6 of them highly disagreed to this fact. It can be interpreted that the employees have the ability to find better approaches than their present approach of their work. The analysis also showed that the employees were not okay if their leaders get impatient when they are struggling with their work. It can be seen that 36 employees disagreed to this fact while 27 of them remained neutral and 19 of them agreed to it. The employees gave diplomatic reply regarding My perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my leader(s). Most of the employees were neutral about this variable, though 25 of them agreed to it and 15 of them disagreed to it. In addition, it was seen that 47 employees agreed to the fact that they want their leaders to take the work from them when they fall behind with an undertaking. 21 of them highly agreed to this fact while 18 remained neutral. It can be interpreted that the employees trust their leaders blindly and they look up to them as a role model. They believe that their leaders would solve every problem they will face in their work. 26 employees highly agreed that they want their leader to give them obligation letter when they commit any error. 43 of agreed to this fact while 16 of them remained neutral. 7 of them disagreed to it while 8 of them highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the employees feel guilty when they commit error for their work. In addition to it, 21 employees agreed that they find it difficult to accept the experts advice while eight of them highly agreed to this fact. 23 of them remained neutral about it, 36 of them disagreed to this fact while 12 of them highly disagreed to it. It can be interpreted that the employees prefer to have experts advice and this helps them to perform their work in a better way. gender age group An employee should be allowed to exhibit initiative An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things get impatient when a member of my team is struggling with a task my perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my team If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it from them and complete it myself On the one off chance that my team commits an error this would not put me off giving them obligation later on I find advice from peers difficult to accept 1 63 0 33 38 3 6 35 33 7 2 37 2 37 38 7 15 47 41 12 3 12 12 19 24 20 15 12 24 4 29 13 2 41 37 2 10 35 5 39 5 3 25 22 1 4 22 6 18 0 0 Table 1: frequency table of the opinion of leaders (Source: created by author) age gender I prefer been allowed to exhibit initiative I should be able find better approaches to doing things It is okay for my leader to get impatient when I am struggling with a task My perspectives and convictions are less important than those of my leader(s) If I fall behind with an undertaking, I would rather my leader takes it from me to complete it. If my I commit an error, I would not want my leader to give me an obligation later on I find experts advice difficult to accept 1 36 52 46 34 4 7 21 26 8 2 34 48 37 33 19 25 47 43 21 3 16 7 15 27 39 18 16 23 4 7 6 12 36 15 10 7 36 5 6 4 6 14 14 4 8 12 Table 2: frequency of opinions of employees (Source: created by author) According to the viewpoint of the leaders, it was seen that the average view of the leaders in context of allowing the employees to exhibit their initiative is agreed. The value of standard deviation is 1.18, which depicts that there is not much deviation among the views of the leaders. They want their employees to exhibit their initiatives. The average view of the leaders in context of If a team member falls behind with an undertaking, I am regularly enticed to take it from them and complete it myself, was agreed. The value of standard deviation was 0.81, which is not a large value. It can be seen that the leaders are helpful to their employees and they do not let them down at any instant. In context of An employee should be able to find better approaches to doing things, the mean value was found to be 1.94 and the standard deviation was found to be 0.96. This shows that the leaders want their employees to find a better approach and the value of standard deviation is not high. This also depicts that most of the leaders agreed to this fact. The mean of the variable I find advice from peers difficult to accept was found to be 3.63 and the standard deviation is 1.17. This suggests that the preferred view of most of the leaders is neutral against this variable. The deviations of the views across the leaders are not high as the value of standard deviation is low. Thus, the leaders are open to accepting the advices from their peers for the betterment of their teams. The analysis of the variable get impatient when a member of my team is struggling with a task shows that the mean of the variable is 3.78 and the standard deviation is 1.00. It can be interpreted that most of the leaders disagree that they get impatient when their employees struggle with the work. The standard deviation is not high and most of the leaders agree to this fact. Ethical Consideration Expertise and diligence is not the only thing that are required while conducting a research. A research also requires honesty and integrity. Ethical consideration is so important that, missing of this part can doomed the entire dissertation (Robson and McCartan 2016). The participants must be informed regarding the research and its purpose. They are allowed to decide whether to participate or not. Information should be collected with voluntary consent of the participants. The subject or the participants must not be harmed in anyways. The potential risks or costs (if any) must be informed to them before the procedure of research. The researcher must assure that the anonymity and confidentiality are maintained. The research must ensure full privacy of the participants (Creswell 2013). The response of the respondents must be kept confidential. The collected information should be utilised only to interpret the results of this research. The dignity of the participants must be respected. T he communication should be transparent. The information must be collected in an unbiased way. Moreover, the collected data must not be manipulated. The researchers must mention the source of funding and should mention if there is any conflict of interest to conduct the research on selected topic. The use of secondary information or any kind of use of theory must be referenced properly to assure the reliability and validity. The paper will maintain the confidentiality of data that has been collected through questionnaire. To maintain anonymity, the questionnaire will not ask for any unique identity of the respondents. The response will not be disclosed and will be used for the research purpose only. The research has properly sourced its secondary information in the literature review section. Table 1: Gantt chart Activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th+5th week 6th week 7th week Topic Selection Review of Literature Research Methodology Primary Data collection Findings Analysis of data and interpretation Conclusion Final work and submission Table 1: Gantt chart of the survey (Source: created by author) Conclusion The research has some limitations because the response of the participants are quantitative in nature, it might vary depending on their current state of mind. It might not be unbiased. The non-numerical response may not reflect the exact scenario. However, scaling the responses is a good attempt to assure the reliability of the outcome. Moreover, there are many literatures on management and leadership. But very few studies have discussed whether it is important to distinguish leadership from management. From the analysis of the collected data, it can be seen that the leaders give importance to the employees and they take care of their employees largely. It was seen that the leaders have full faith on the employees and they want their employees to take initiatives to find better approaches for their work. It was also seen that the leaders do not get impatient when their team members do something wrong. Instead, they help their employees to overcome the difficulties. However, the perspective and convictions of the leaders were important for the teams. They do not find the perspective and convictions of their employees important over theirs. It was also seen that if any team members fall behind with any undertaking, the leaders help them with their tasks and complete it themselves. It was also seen that the leaders do not prefer to put them on obligations if the team members commits any error. The leaders do not find the advices from their peers difficult to accept. The leaders always welcome any advices from their peers for the development of their teams. The employees also prefer to exhibit initiatives and they want to find better approach for in their work. This shows that the leaders also support the decision of their employees and they allow the employees to find better approach in their work. The employees trust their leaders and they allow them complete their work when they are in trouble. This depicts that the leadership of the leaders are strong enough to gain the trust and loyalty of the employees. The analysis of the data based on the gender shows that there is no difference between various dimensions of leadership. Both male and female leader of the survey depicts same features in context of their leadership. It was also seen that their attitudes towards their employees are similar for both the male and female leaders. Recommendations On analysing and interpreting the collected data, it was seen that the employees trust their leaders and have complete faith in them. The leaders in turn allow their employees to take initiative and use better approach in their work. It was also seen that the leaders personally complete the work of their employees when they are in trouble. However, this attitude of the leaders is not preferable. This is because on completing the tasks personally by the leaders do not let the employees eradicate their shortcomings. The leaders could provide training to their employees and make them learn the shortcomings. This would help the employees to learn and they would not face any problem in near future. It is also recommended that the leaders must reward the employees on performing better job and using innovative techniques for their work. 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