Sanitation and Safety

Chapter 1THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDIntroductionHaving a good sanitation and safety operation is vital to any food service establishment, big or small. Sanitation literally means measures necessary for improving and protecting health and well being of the people. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/ Safety is the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety Foodservice establishments feed hundreds of millions of people annually.The customers in many of these establishments are young, at high risk, elderly, and ill. Care must be take n at all times to protect this vulnerable group of people. In every fast food restaurants, sanitation and safety are an essential part  of operation that the customers looked for. By implementing sanitation and safety operation; it prevents the health risks of the customers, external and internal health. It can also improve the relationships to the customers and increases trust of compliance agencies and inspectors. A work environment free of hazards that cause accidents and a dining facility in which customers are safe and secure should be aims of all foodservice owners.Even if customers don’t get sick, storing, preparing or serving food in unsanitary and unsafe conditions will adversely affect the food quality and health of consumers. Once quality starts to slip, food poisoning or accidents aren’t far behind. http://yourhospitalitysolutions.com/2012/the-importance-of-sanitation-in-the-restaurant-industry/ Customers often judge your food based on the cleanliness of your establishment. If they see an eating area or an open kitchen that is visibly dirty, they are likely to be wary of the food they are being served.They are not going to enjoy their eating to any fast food restaurants if they are served bad food that makes them sick and encountered accidents. They won't be coming back, nor will they recommend that spot to their friends. That’s why sanitation and safety operation are important to the foodservice industry to avoid customer lost and having a bad reputation from the consumers. http://www.ecolab.com/solutions/food-safety-specialties/sanitation-and-cleaning# Background of the studyEach type of foodservice establishment will be governed by management philosophy, policies, and procedures individualized to the organization, visions, values, goals, objectives, and systems of operation. Sanitation within the food industry means the adequate treatment of food-contact surfaces by a process that is effective in destroying vegetative cell s of microorganisms of public health significance, and in substantially reducing numbers of other undesirable microorganisms, but without adversely affecting the food or its safety for the consumer (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR110, USA).Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures are mandatory for food industries in United States, which are regulated by 9 CFR parts 416 in conjunction with 21 CFR parts 178.1010. Similarly, in Japan, food hygiene has to be achieved through  compliance with food sanitation law. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation#Improving_access Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death, injury or damage to property. In response to perceived risks many interventions may be proposed with engineering responses and regulation being two of the most common. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses.It can include protection of people or of possessions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety#Safety_measures The one thing that all of the types of food establishments have in common is providing safe and sanitary food to the people who are far away from home for one or more meals per day. Today, Santa Cruz serves as the capital of Laguna and is considered as the business and commercial center on the eastern part of the province. The said city has also different fast food Restaurants Corporation naming, Jollibee, McDonald and Chowking. The researchers saw that as an opportunity to conduct research study about Assessment on the Level of Sanitation and Safety of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers.Theoretical FrameworkThis paper recognized the fact that hygiene and sanitation lapses can happen even when an institution and the whole country hav e sufficient water supply. Keith Proudlove (1987: 59) posits that, if the public is aware of food poisoning, it should report such cases more readily rather than accept their illness as another bilious attack; but her argument is more of a curative than a preventive intervention. Many reasons account for food poisoning in the hospitality industry; this range from lack of hygiene education, proper sanitation, to poor.According to the Susan F.Robinson ed (1992:2), the absolute safety of a food or an ingredient can never be guaranteed. This theory is applicable in hospitality institutions especially where no appropriate precautions are taken during purchasing of raw materials, development, through manufacturer into products, processing, and final preparation and in distribution. This argument indicates that, the risks from any food can be kept to an absolute minimum i.e. any level of  contamination from the source of raw materials used in the preparation of food items in the hospital ity and tourism facilities can be prevented to avoid disasters. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1675623 Jack in the Box hired food scientist David M. Theno to help the chain prevent future outbreaks. Theno advocated an established system known as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).HACCP identifies the steps in the food-production process at which a product can become unsafe to eat. Many restaurants and suppliers now use this and similar programs to help ensure the safety of food. http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/fast-food2.htm Enticed by the success of the McDonald's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonald's Corporation. One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues.As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a practice still found in chains such as Krispy Kreme. A clean atmosphere was only part of Kroc's grander plan which separated McDonald's from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurantConceptual FrameworkThis study was guided by a research paradigm to be able to picture out clearly the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers.Frame 1. Frame 2.Input. It consist the independent variables such as the profile of the respondents which includes the age, gender, and educational background. Process. It consist the variables under the Assessm ent on the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. Output.Statement of the problemThe main objective of this research was to analyze and find out The Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:1. What is the respondents profile with respect to: 1.1 Age 1.2 Gender 1.3 Educational Background? 2. What is the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers in terms of: 2.1 Health Control 2.2 Sanitation 2.3 Cleanliness 2.4 Vermin Control? 3. Is there any significant effect on the profile of the respondents and Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers?Hypothesis Significance of the study The following are the beneficiaries of the study: Fa st Food Restaurant Owners. Employees. Students. Professors. School/University. Customers.Scope and limitation of the studyThis study covers the Assessment on the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. The researchers used 30 respondents from the customers and employees within the premises of the fast food restaurants the survey covers from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Definition of TermsAge. A period of human life, measured by years from birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or physical development and involving legal responsibility and capacity Gender. The state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones). Customer. A person or organization that buys goods or services from a store or business. Fast Food Restaurant. Also known as a quick service restaurant. It is a specific type of restaurant characterized both by its fast food cuisine and by minimal table service. Food.Perception. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. Sanitation. The development and application of sanitary measures for the sake of cleanliness and protecting health.Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDYGender Although the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably in many writings, some authors have differentiated between the terms (American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, 1992; Sanders, 2003)Chapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the Research Design, Population and Sample Research Procedure, Research instrument and Statistical Treatment of Data. Research Design Population and Sample Research Procedure Research Instrument

Elements of Literature Essay

Many literature students are expected to be familiar with the basic terms listed below (and discussed in more depth in your text). Keep this study guide with your text. At the beginning of each reading assignment, write the elements of literature pertaining to the particular type of literature at the beginning of the short story or poem. After reading, define them in your text for class discussion, quizzes, and test preparation. To understand literature, it is necessary that you ask yourself certain questions, such as â€Å"what is the theme of this story? † or â€Å"why does the author use this particular type of imagery? † You are not necessarily reading for pleasure–although it is sincerely hoped you will derive pleasure from your assignments–but for the development of critical analysis skills, so observe the author’s style and intent carefully. Short Stories/Novel Theme–The idea or point of a story formulated as a generalization. In American literature, several themes are evident which reflect and define our society. The dominant ones might be innocence/experience, life/death, appearance/reality, free will/fate, madness/sanity, love/hate, society/individual, known/unknown. Themes may have a single, instead of a dual nature as well. The theme of a story may be a mid-life crisis, or imagination, or the duality of humankind (contradictions). Character–Imaginary people created by the writer. Perhaps the most important element of literature. †¢ Protagonist–Major character at the center of the story. †¢ Antagonist–A character or force that opposes the protagonist. †¢ Minor character–0ften provides support and illuminates the protagonist. †¢ Static character–A character who remains the same. †¢ Dynamic character–A character who changes in some important way. †¢ Characterization–The means by which writers reveal character. †¢ Explicit Judgment–Narrator gives facts and interpretive comment. †¢ Implied Judgment–Narrator gives description; reader make the judgment. Look for: Connections, links, and clues between and about characters. Ask yourself what the function and significance of each character is. Make this determination based upon the character’s history, what the reader is told (and not told), and what other characters say about themselves and others. Plot–The arrangement of ideas and/or incidents that make up a story. Causality–One event occurs because of another event. †¢ Foreshadowing–A suggestion of what is going to happen. †¢ Suspense–A sense of worry established by the author. †¢ Conflict–Struggle between opposing forces. †¢ Exposition–Background information regarding the setting, characters, plot. †¢ Complication or Rising Action–Intensification of conflict. †¢ Crisis–Turning point; moment of great tension that fixes the action. †¢ Resolution/Denouement–The way the story turns out. Structure–The design or form of the completed action. Often provides clues to character and action. Can even philosophically mirror the author’s intentions, especially if it is unusual. Look for: Repeated elements in action, gesture, dialogue, description, as well as shifts in direction, focus, time, place, etc. Setting–The place or location of the action, the setting provides the historical and cultural context for characters. It often can symbolize the emotional state of characters. Point of View–Again, the point of view can sometimes indirectly establish the author’s intentions. Point of view pertains to who tells the story and how it is told. †¢ Narrator–The person telling the story. †¢ First-person–Narrator participates in action but sometimes has limited knowledge/vision. †¢ Objective–Narrator is unnamed/unidentified (a detached observer). Does not assume character’s perspective and is not a character in the story. The narrator reports on events and lets the reader supply the meaning. †¢ Omniscient–All-knowing narrator (multiple perspectives). The narrator takes us into the character and can evaluate a character for the reader (editorial omniscience). When a narrator allows the reader to make his or her own judgments from the action of the characters themselves, it is called neutral omniscience. †¢ Limited omniscient–All-knowing narrator about one or two characters, but not all. Language and Style–Style is the verbal identity of a writer, oftentimes based on the author’s use of diction (word choice) and syntax (the order of words in a sentence). A writer’s use of language reveals his or her tone, or the attitude toward the subject matter. Irony–A contrast or discrepancy between one thing and another. †¢ Verbal irony–We understand the opposite of what the speaker says. †¢ Irony of Circumstance or Situational Irony–When one event is expected to occur but the opposite happens. A discrepancy between what seems to be and what is. †¢ Dramatic Irony–Discrepancy between what characters know and what readers know. †¢ Ironic Vision–An overall tone of irony that pervades a work, suggesting how the writer views the characters. Poetry Allegory–A form of narrative in which people, places, and events seem to have hidden meanings. Often a retelling of an older story. Connotation–The implied meaning of a word. Denotation–The dictionary definition of a word. Diction–Word choice and usage (for example, formal vs. informal), as determined by considerations of audience and purpose. Figurative Language–The use of words to suggest meanings beyond the literal. There are a number of figures of speech. Some of the more common ones are: †¢ Metaphor–Making a comparison between unlike things without the use of a verbal clue (such as â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†). †¢ Simile–Making a comparison between unlike things, using â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. †¢ Hyperbole–Exaggeration †¢ Personification–Endowing inanimate objects with human characteristics Imagery–A concrete representation of a sense impression, a feeling, or an idea which appeals to one or more of our senses. Look for a pattern of imagery. †¢ Tactile imagery–sense of touch. †¢ Aural imagery–sense of hearing. †¢ Olfactory imagery–sense of smell. †¢ Visual imagery–sense of sight. †¢ Gustatory imagery–sense of taste. Rhythm and Meter–Rhythm is the pulse or beat in a line of poetry, the regular recurrence of an accent or stress. Meter is the measure or patterned count of a poetry line (a count of the stresses we feel in a poem’s rhythm). The unit of poetic meter in English is called a â€Å"foot,† a unit of measure consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables. Ask yourself how the rhythm and meter affects the tone and meaning. Sound–Do the words rhyme? Is there alliteration (repetition of consonants) or assonance (repetition of vowels)? How does this affect the tone? Structure–The pattern of organization of a poem. For example, a sonnet is a 14-line poem usually written in iambic pentameter. Because the sonnet is strictly constrained, it is considered a closed or fixed form. An open or free form is a poem in which the author uses a looser form, or perhaps one of his or her own invention. It is not necessarily formless. Symbolism–When objects or actions mean more than themselves. Syntax–Sentence structure and word order. Voice: Speaker and Tone–The voice that conveys the poem’s tone; its implied attitude toward its subject. Elements of Literature Literature is a reflection of the society. A writer appeals to our feelings, emotions through various elements of literature, such as plot, character, theme, etc. Read more to know about the elements of literature. We can summarize literature in the words of Ezra Pound that great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree. Every race has its own literature, for example, English literature, American literature, German literature, etc. Various types of literaturesuch as story, novel and drama delight us through the elements of literature. In literature, theme is important to reveal the story. An author depicts the ups and downs of the protagonist with the help of characterization. The story progresses through various plots. There are prologues and epilogues in Shakespearean drama. Facts on Elements of Literature: Elements of literature denote the things that are used to make up a work of literature. There are different types and forms of literature. They are novel, drama, poetry, biography, non-fictional prose, essay, epic and short story. All these types of literature have some elements. To complete a piece of literature, a writer, dramatist or a novelist need to use certain elements like plot, character, theme, etc. However, elements of fiction and elements of drama differ from elements of poetry. These elements are discussed below: Elements of Fiction and Drama : Literary types such as fiction; drama and short story have some elements.

Biological agents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biological agents - Essay Example National response framework is built upon scalable, flexible and adaptable coordinating structures to align key role and responsibilities across the nation. The private sector performs essential service missions in times of need. They provide shelter, emergency food supplies among other vital services. The framework incorporates standardized organizational structures that promote on- scene initiative, innovation and sharing of resources and information. The framework promotes quick assessment and response to incidences that require federal assistance. When dealing with any potential terrorist attack, past occurrence has taught that the first necessary task is to make safe the area and determine the nature and severity of the threat. Particularly in the past few years, several instances have been reported when a secondary device has been targeted at emergency responders or armed secondary assault has been perpetrated by offenders, in an attempt to harm or kill rescuers and disrupt emergency operations. Deploying countermeasures along pathways to reduce the threat of a terrorist attack is nothing new. The pathway to a commercial airline trip requires one to pass through a Transportation Security Administration screening checkpoint. Rain concept stresses the need for safe management of biological attack by involving all the necessary institution of the United States. The federal law is put in place to ensure that the rights of the citizens are taken into consideration while dealing with biological threats.

Ethanol Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethanol Summary - Essay Example In addition to DOE's efforts to reduce carbon emissions, one approach of the Office of Fossil Energy is to work on sequestering greenhouse gases that "might one day virtually eliminate concerns over emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil energy systems. Carbon capture and sequestration systems could store, convert, or recycle greenhouse gases, preventing them from building up the atmosphere." Another initiative called Advance Energy Initiative of the agency is to empower the development in maintaining ecological balance to offer the people clean, cost-efficient, and healthy energy services. Given all the information, it does not suggest the alternative of conserving energy, because only the reduction of GHG emissions has been emphasized. However, DOE plans to reduce global warming gases based on the agency's initiative to partner with volunteers, and the strategies formed to deal with the ecological problem. Plans such as these can be a good alternative to the Kyoto Protocol because they share the same goal to reduce GHG emissions. One suggestion that I can offer the U.S.

Should schools help students think indiviually Essay

Should schools help students think indiviually - Essay Example The argument whether school’s should teach uniformity or encourage to think individually was settled in the character of the new teacher Mr. Keating who was unlike other teachers who does not stick to the syllabus whose teaching style is different. He instead use poem and encourage his students take risk even that means breaking rules to make their â€Å"lives extraordinary†. He even introduced the idea of Carper Diem of letting the students decide what is good for them. There are two philosophers who encouraged independent thinking – they were Thoreau and Emerson. Both delved into transcendental philosophy through the exploration of the higher dimension of the self through non-conformity (Emerson) and simplicity (Thoreau). Self-reliance as put forth by Emerson and Thoreau is the independence of the self that does not subscribe to the â€Å"foolish consistency [which] is the hobgoblin of little minds, adored by little statesmen and philosophers and divines† (Emerson) and independence which is free from any unwarranted neediness that enables one to appreciate existence better as articulated by

Iinternational Business Porters Diamond Analysis of the Mexican Essay

Iinternational Business Porters Diamond Analysis of the Mexican Business Environment - Essay Example BRIC countries are those that dominated global economic talks in 2001 and years after; at that time, these countries had demonstrated great potential in exploiting economic opportunities. These countries have moved on to become great and major players in the global economy, with great growth in their GDP. BRIC countries comprise of Brazil, Russia, India, and China; currently, these countries have now been classified as the powerhouses of the world economy. They have reformed their macroeconomic policies, something that has given them a cutting edge in creating economic competitive advantages globally. Later, a new perspective and outlook on activities by other countries brought up the MINT countries, as those showing huge advances in their economic growth. Currently, different countries are involved in various practices that can enhance their competitive advantage. Many countries are reforming the macroeconomic policies in the process of attracting local and international investments to spur the growth and development of economic activities in these countries. MINT countries are those that have shown tremendous developments in the economic activities, thus leading to expansion of their economic activities. These countries include Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey; according to Jim O’Neill, an economist, these countries have an upsurge of economic activities that have placed them perfectly in the league fast-growing economies. An important characteristic of these countries is the fact that they have young and aggressive populations that have the ability to take on various economic activities.

Financial Reporting and Accountability exam questions Essay

Financial Reporting and Accountability exam questions - Essay Example 6 Consolidations: Qualitative 7 Why do regulators require consolidations? 7 What is fair value and why is it an important concept in consolidation? 7 Why do regulators require inter-company profits to be removed from consolidations? 7 Corporate Governance 8 What is ‘the public interest’ and what is its relationship to accounting? 8 Do we need mandatory regulation of reporting? If so how should we regulate? Are there major problems? 8 IASB and due process – what are the stages of due process – why is convergence with the US important? 9 What is the ‘market for corporate takeovers’ and the ‘market for managers’ – and what impact have these on accounting disclosure? 10 Reporting Financial Statements Why is one of the elements of the financial statements useful to shareholders? Statement of the changes in position of equity for a company provides the movement of the holding position of the equity shareholders. This statement gen erally comprises of the net profits that can be attributed to the shareholders, the changes in the share capital reserves, the dividend that is paid to the shareholder, the effect of the accounting policy changes or the any kind of changes that has been done to correct any error in the previous period. This is an essential statement that needs to be disclosed to the shareholders because the factors that have an effect on the changes in the position can be known. This statement would be reflecting the nature of the changes that take place in the equity reserves which otherwise would not be available to the shareholders. For example the issue and redemption of the share capital can only be obtained from the statement of financial position. What is the purpose of one kind of disclosure e.g. discontinued activities, or expenses such as audit? Discontinued operations of an enterprise would entail those activities by which the company would be selling a component through any transaction o r demerger or would be disposing off the assets or liabilities of the organisation or abandoning any component of the business. It is important for a company to make the disclosures of the discontinued operations because it would help in assessing the cash flows of the enterprise, the capacity to generate earnings and to make proper segregation of the information about the discontinuing operations form that of the continuing operations. Organisations should cite the evidence of auditing process in the annual statements. Thus the fees that are paid for the auditing as well as the non auditing services need to be paid. On the other hand it is considered that the independence of the auditors is essential for a sound and fair auditing process. Hence by the payment of the fees the quality of auditing in the organisation is ensured. Earnings per Share Basic and diluted EPS Basic EPS is the earnings of the company that accrues to the shareholders of the organisation. Basic EPS is derived b y dividing the net profit of the company by the total amount of outstanding shares. The amount net profit is calculated after distribution of the dividends to the preference shareholders. This may be explained with the example of the following example. Suppose the Net Profit available for a company is $ 40000. And the number of equity shares outstanding is 2000. Then the EPS of the company would be $50. Diluted EPS on the other hand is the net profit of the company divided by the number of equ